Wi-Fi Presented By: N. Rakesh Kumar (07D01A0591)
What is Wi-Fi? Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity and is used to define any of the wireless technology in the IEEE specification - including (but not necessarily limited to) the wireless protocols a, b, and g. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that uses radio frequency to transmit data through the air.
Brief History IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) established the Group in Specifications for standard ratified in Initial speeds were 1 and 2 Mbps. IEEE modified the standard in 1999 to include a and b. g was added in b equipment first available, then a, followed by g.
What can you do with it? Quick/easy temp network access. Staff access to Corporate network. Patron internet access (hotspot). Interconnecting two networks
What is the goal of standard To develop a Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specification for wireless connectivity for fixed, portable and moving stations within a local area. Infrastructure Model: i. Licence. ii. Context With OSI Layers.
Why do we need 11A/11B/11G ? 11B: 2.4 GHz, CCK modulation Rates from 1 to 11Mbps, on market from A: 5.0 GHz, OFDM modulation Rates from 6 to 56 Mbps, on market from G: 2.4 GHz, CCK+OFDM modulation Rates from 6 to 56 Mbps, on market from 2003 and … most popular today !!! Advantages of 2.4 GHz PHY Low frequency, better wall penetration, less sensitive to multipath, 3 not-overlapped channels. Advantages of 5.0 GHz PHY Range: Less devices on the market, 8 non overlapped channels. Range: Almost the same
Type of access to air DCF (distributed coordination function ) (point coordination function) means everybody can speak and try to get air : 100% on the market PCF means ONE point coordinator (BOSS) who will allowed you to speak (like in Bluetooth).
Why Wi-Fi? Setup Cost : Reduced cabling required. Flexibility: Quick and easy to setup in temp or permanent space. Scaleable: Can be expanded with growth Freedom: You can work from any location that you can get a signal. Lower total cost of ownership: Because of affordability and low install cost. Additionally Mobile Users: Can access the Corporate network from any public hotspot.
Security WEP ( wired equivalent privacy) 64/128 bits Using RC4 algorithm, almost permanent key, very weeK security. TKIP (temporal key integrity protocol ) Used RC4 algorithm with a 128-bit "temporal key”, but changes temporal keys every 10,000 packets and key depends on address and sequence number. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard ) New, much more stronger encryption, protect against hacker frames in insertion. Need hardware accelerator.
Range and Performance Performance decreases as distance increases i a indoor feet outdoor feet ii b indoor feet outdoor feet Interference: doors, walls, furniture, ceiling 253 maximum number of client per AP, but recommended
Wireless network design Any wireless network can be thought of as a combination of one or more of these types of connections: Point-to-Point Point-to-Multipoint Multipoint-to-Multipoint
Radio Modes Wi-Fi cards can be operated in one of these modes: Master (Access Point) Managed (also known as client or station) Ad-hoc
Advantages & Challenges Operational advantages: Wi-Fi allows local area networks (LANs) to be deployed without wires for client devices. Reducing the costs of network deployment and expansion. Reach: Wi-Fi networks have limited range. Wi-Fi performance decreases roughly quadratically as distance increases at constant radiation levels. Mobility: Mobile use of Wi-Fi over wider ranges is limited to move & use.
Data security risks: The most common wireless encryption standard, Wired Equivalent Privacy or WEP, has been shown to be easily breakable even when correctly configured. Population: Many 2.4 GHz b and g access points default to the same channel on initial startup, contributing to congestion on certain channels.
Disadvantages Security - Greater exposure to risks i. Access ii. Compromising Data Speed - Slower than cable Range - Affected by various medium i. Travels best through open space ii. Reduced by walls, glass, water, etc
Uses Internet access Airport Wi-Fi City-wide Wi-Fi Campus-wide Wi-Fi Direct computer-to-computer communications
THANK TOU. THANK TOU.