Ch. 16 Jarrett IMPERIALISM : “EUROPE REACHES OUT” crash course:

The “Scramble for Africa” pg. 262

1. Where was European activity mainly limited prior to 1870? European activity was mainly limited to coastal trading ports in Africa

2. During what period did the European “Scramble for Africa” occur?

3. During that period what part of Africa came under European control? Most of Africa came under European control.

4. What threatened European control of the Suez Canal? In the early 1880s, a local revolt threatened European use of the Suez Canal.

5. What was the Suez Canal a lifeline between? It became the lifeline between Britain and its colony in India.

6. What did Britain take over after the revolt? What else did Britain take over? After the British put down the revolt, they took over Egypt. Next, British troops took over Sudan.

7. What other powers wanted parts of Africa? France, Italy, Germany, and Belgium all wanted parts of Africa.

8. What valuable resources were found if Africa? Diamonds, gold, and other valuable resources were discovered in Africa in the late 19 th century.

9. What did Bismarck and European leaders do at the Berlin Conference of 1884? Bismarck and other European leaders divided up the remaining parts of Africa.

10. What were the only independent African nations in 1890? Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent.

11. What were the major European powers (6) in Africa? Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, and Italy.

12. What had France acquired? The French acquired much of Central Africa and Northwest Africa above the Sahara.

13. What did King Leopold II of Belgium rule? King Leopold II of Belgium ruled the Congo in the center of Africa as his private estate.

14. What happened to the natives of the Congo under King Leopold’s rule? He treated the natives harshly, killing millions to increase production on his rubber plantations.

15. Where had Britain established colonies? The British established colonies in West Africa and along almost the whole length of East Africa from Egypt to South Africa.

16. What did British imperialist Cecil Rhodes plan? Cecil Rhodes planned to build a railway down the eastern side of Africa from Cairo in Egypt to Capetown, South Africa.

17. What did Germany take in Africa? Germany took Tanganyika, Cameroon, Togo and Southwest Africa.

18. How did the Europeans treat the tribal groups in Africa? European powers paid no attention to the existing tribal groups and their boundaries. Wherever possible, they established mining operations or cultivated cash crops to be sold to Europe. Native Africans were used as a cheap workforce.

19. What positive effects did European imperialism have on Africa? * European medicine and improved nutrition increased the life-span of Africans. This led to an explosion in the population. * Europeans introduced modern transportation and communications, such as telegraphs, railroads, and telephones. * A small minority of Africans received improved education and greater economic opportunities. Some served as administrators or in the army.

20. What negative effects did European imperialism have on Africa? * European domination led to an erosion of traditional African values and destroyed many existing social relationships. * African peoples were treated as inferior to Europeans. Native peoples were forced to work long hours for low pay under horrible conditions. * Europeans divided Africa artificially, ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. This has led to continuing tribal conflicts in many African nations.