MODALS CAN SHOULD / OUGHT TO MUST / HAVE TO. CAN is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English It can be used to express: - ability or opportunity.

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Presentation transcript:

MODALS CAN SHOULD / OUGHT TO MUST / HAVE TO

CAN is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English It can be used to express: - ability or opportunity - request or offer permission - to show possibility or impossibility I can ride a horse. ability I can ride a horse. ability We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission Can you hand me the stapler? request Can you hand me the stapler? request Any child can grow up to be president. possibility Any child can grow up to be president. possibility

SHOULD / OUGHT TO "Should“ / "Ought to" are most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. "Should“ / "Ought to" are most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. "Should“ can also be used to express obligation. "Should“ can also be used to express obligation. When you go to Berlin, you should/ ought to visit the palaces in Potsdam. recommendation When you go to Berlin, you should/ ought to visit the palaces in Potsdam. recommendation You should/ ought to focus more on your family and less on work. advice You should/ ought to focus more on your family and less on work. advice I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. obligation I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. obligation

MUST / HAVE TO "Must“/ “Have to" are most commonly used to express certainty. "Must“/ “Have to" are most commonly used to express certainty. They can also be used to express necessity. They can also be used to express necessity. "Must“also expresses prohibition and strong recommendation or obligation. "Must“also expresses prohibition and strong recommendation or obligation. This answer must/has to be correct. certainty This answer must/has to be correct. certainty Students must/have to pass an entrance examination to study at this school. necessity Students must/have to pass an entrance examination to study at this school. necessity You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. prohibition You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics. prohibition You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation (= should) (= should) NB! You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed. You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary. Puzzle,rule p56 NB!

MAY / MIGHT "May“/ "Might" are most commonly used to express possibility. "May“/ "Might" are most commonly used to express possibility. "May“ can also be used to give or request permission, although this usage is becoming less common. "May“ can also be used to give or request permission, although this usage is becoming less common. Cheryl may/might be at home, or perhaps at work. Possibility Cheryl may/might be at home, or perhaps at work. Possibility May/ Might I borrow your pen? request May/ Might I borrow your pen? request

Revision 1.What modal is used to express: - ability - ability - obligation - obligation - opportunity - opportunity - certainty - certainty - request or permission - request or permission - recommendations or advice - recommendations or advice - strong recommendation. - strong recommendation. - possibility or impossibility - possibility or impossibility - prohibition - prohibition - permission - permission 2.What modals can replace each other? When? 3.Translate into Russian: You mustn´t.../ You don´t have to...

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