1. Modal Verbs

2. What are modal verbs?
They are auxiliary verbs that provide additional and specific meaning to the main verb of the sentence

3. What are modal verbs? Can Should Could Will May Would Might Ought to
Must
Have to
Shall
Need to

4. How do we use modals? Example: Mary could play the piano. SUBJECT +
MODAL VERB +
VERB + R
inf
Example:
Mary could play the piano.
They don’t accept conjugation and other auxiliary

5. FORM: There is no‘DO’ OR ‘DOES’ in the questions.
Modals never end in ‘’s” even in the third person singular
There is no ‘DON’T’ or DOESN’T’in the negative.
EXAMPLES:
He can ski : NOT He cans ski
Would you like to come with me? NOT Do you would like to come with me?
They can’t be serious. NOT They do not can be serious.

6. FORM:
Modals do not change form and are followed by infinitive without To.
Example:
She must study. NOT she must to study
You should go to the doctor.
He could play the piano.

7. FORM: Negative form Use NOT to make modal verbs negative. Ex:
I cannot ride a bike
I could not go with you
She might not be able to come.

8. Interrogative form Example: Mary could play the piano. Modal +
Subject +
VERB + R
inf
Example:
Mary could play the piano.
They don’t accept conjugation and other auxiliary

9. What do they express?
They can have different meanings depending on the situations they are used

10. Usage: Modal Use Example Will Might Should Ought to Had better Future
Joe will travel to Bangkok next week.
Might
Small probability
I might meet Barack Obama some day.
Should
Recommendation
You should see the dentist if your tooth aches.
Ought to
Formal Recommendation
We ought to know about modern diseases.
Had better
Warning
She had better study or she will fail the exam.

11. Usage: Modal Use Example May (1) May (2) Must (1) Must (2) Would (1)
Permission
May I come in?
May (2)
Good probability
We may visit Japan this year.
Must (1)
Responsibility
Everyone must pay taxes.
Must (2)
Assumption
She didn’t arrive. She must be ill.
Would (1)
Past (used to)
When I was young, I would play soccer.
Would (2)
Present unreal
I would buy that car, but I can’t afford it.

12. Usage: Modal Use Example Shall (1) Shall (2) Could (1) Could (2)
Polite expression
OFFER
Shall I clean it?
Shall (2)
Contractual obligation
The company shall pay on Wednesday.
Could (1)
Unreal ability
I could go if I had time.
Could (2)
Past ability
She could play the piano, when she was a child.
Can (1)
Present ability
We can speak English.
Can (2)
Permission
Can I go home earlier?