Source: History Safari

What was the purpose of the Book of the Dead? What were some of the differences in burial practices between the rich and poor? How was the Book of the Dead similar to a travel guide? What are some examples of judgment, reward and punishment in our own culture?

Lotus Sun god -Ra GebNut Seth Nephthys OsirisIsis Anubis Horus Hathor

1. Seth jealous of power; kills Osiris 2. Isis gathers pieces; takes to Anubis 3. Anubis mummifies Osiris; Isis restores soul 4. Osiris – “Lord of the Afterlife” 5. Horus kills Seth to avenge the murder of his father

“Lord of the underworld” Husband of Isis 1 st Egyptian to be mummified Represented as a dead king holding the emblems of his supreme power: shepherd’s crook flail

Sister & wife of Osiris Mother of Horus Associated with female creative power Symbolized the perfect mother Symbol is the throne

Son of Osiris and Isis Killed Seth Represented as a falcon-headed god. Carries an ankh which symbolizes life

Osiris’s brother and murderer Associated with all evil Represented as an extraordinary creature with features of different animals

Sister of Isis, mother of Anubis Wife of Seth Left Seth to help Isis Friend to all women Symbol is a chalice

Son of Seth and Nephthys Presides over funerals and the embalming ritual Represented with the head of a jackal, as they haunt cemeteries

Two gods in one; uniting of the local god, Amun with sun god, Ra Controls time, seasons, wind and clouds Most powerful god during the New Kingdom

Sister of Geb, the earth god Often painted blue and covered in stars Swallowed the sun at night and it was reborn at sunrise

Controlled the Nile and its marshes and floods Helped retrieve Osiris from the Nile Represented as a crocodile Followers started in the city of Crocadiloplis

Author of the Book of the Dead Believed to have invented writing, arithmetic and the calendar Represented with the head of an Ibis bird

Protects people during the mummification process Wife of Horus Represented with the head of a cow, a symbol of motherly love

Protector of women, children and the sun’s power to ripen crops Very well loved; people were not allowed to harm cats

Judges (gods & goddesses)

Scales

Anubis checking the scales with a pointer

Deceased entering with head bowed

Feather of Truth

Heart of the deceased in a canopic jar

Thoth recording the report from Anubis

Ammit- the devourer; “Eater of the Dead”

Horus – leading in the deceased

Deceased: “I am pure of mouth and hands, without guilt, without evil.”

Osiris

Isis

Nephthys