Chapter 6 Section 1 Objectives Explain the legend and probable reason as to why the city of Rome was created. Describe how Rome becomes a Republic and how the Roman Republic was set up.

Myth of Romulus and Remus 753 B.C.: Myth of Romulus and Remus

Rome’s Location Rome is located at the midway point between the Alps to the north and the southern tip of Italy. It is a strategic location and has fertile soil.

The Seven Hills of Rome (Palatine, Aventine, Capitoline or Capitolium, Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline and Caelian)

Latins Latins: settled in Latium, along the Tiber River (1000 B.C.) Successful farmers and traders

Greeks Greeks: Southern Italy and Sicily (750 to 600 B.C.) Sophisticated Iron tools and weapons Language and gods

Etruscans Northern Italy Influenced Roman alphabet Use of the arch Roman gods took on Greek characteristics just changed names Zeus-Jupiter Hera-Juno Winning favor of gods by rituals influenced by Etruscans

The Early Republic Etruscan king 600 B.C. Seven kings of Rome  Tarquinius Priscus (The Elder): Fifth and 1 st Etruscan  Draining of valley of Palatine Hill for the Forum  Laid out plans for the Circus Maximus Chariot races around Palatine and Aventine Hills - Tarquinius Superlus (The Proud): 509 B.C. Etruscan Grandson of Tarquinius the Elder Seventh and last King of Rome Built and improved roads Driven from power in 509 B.C.

Roman Republic Republic  Power rests with citizens  Right to vote to select leaders Two Consuls  Lead Rome in times of war, usually generals  Military emergency, appoint dictator (Cincinnatus) six months  One year, One consul could veto the other, not elected again for 10 years

Senate Senate (300) Made up of Patricians Aristocratic Landowners Made up most of the power Inherited power and social stature Served for life Influence over foreign and domestic policy

Assembly Made up of Plebeians  Farmers, Artisans and Merchants  Two Assemblies  Centuriate Assembly (Patrician Controlled) Citizen-Soldiers Appointed consuls and made laws Tribal Assembly Elected Tribunes and made laws for common people

Twelve Tables First written law of Rome Forced by Plebeians Basis for Roman Law

The Twelve Tables Table I. 1. If anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go. If the man summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force. Table II. 2. He whose witness has failed to appear may summon him by loud calls before his house every third day. Table III  1. One who has confessed a debt, or against whom judgment has been pronounced, shall have thirty days to pay it in. After that forcible seizure of his person is allowed. Table IV 2. If a father sell his son three times, the son shall be free from his father. Table V. 1. Females should remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority.

Roman Army Citizens required to serve Ten years required for public office Legion: 5,000 soldiers Century: 80 soldiers

Conquering of Italy Defeated by Gauls in 390 B.C. 265 B.C.: Defeated Etruscans and Greeks Laws and treatment of conquered peoples  Latins full citizens of Rome  Other conquered groups, Roman citizens without vote  Allies: Rome left them alone if they sent troops

Punic Wars First Punic War (264 B.C. – 241 B.C.)  Cause: Control of Sicily  Effect: Rome gains Sicily, uneasy peace Second Punic War (218 B.C. – 202 B.C.)  Cause: Hannibal avenge Carthage loss  Defeats Romans at Battle of Cannae 216 B.C.  Romans regroup  Scipio, Roman general, attacks Carthage  202 B.C. Hannibal defeated at Zuma near Carthage Third Punic War (149 B.C. – 146 B.C.)  Cause: Cato “Carthage must be destroyed”  Effect: Carthage destroyed, people sold into slavery