The Renaissance
Rediscovering Ancient Greece and Rome Renaissance: French word meaning “rebirth” A renewed interest in classical learning
The Spirit of Rebirth Renewal of human spirit, curiosity, creativity and energy Renaissance person: an energetic and productive human being who is interested in many subjects.
It All Began in Italy, In Italy from the 14 th – 16 th century A place that generated a lot of wealth
It All Began in Italy Roman Catholic Very rich church and powerful Spent money lavishly
Sistine Chapel
Humanism: Questions About the Good Life Humanism: movement to study classical education Studied classic subjects Answered questions like: What is a human being? What is a good life? Find a balance between the Bible and the classics Recover ancient writings and share with the world Virtue is the most important human possession
The New Technology: A Flood of Print Printing Press Johannes Gutenberg (1400?- 1468) Printed first book in 1455 Latin Bible Printing spread to England William Caxton set up printing press in England
Desdierius Erasmus ( ) Sir Thomas More ( ) Dutch monk Wrote in Latin making writing available to everyone Taught Greek at Cambridge Utopia (1516) Gave the work utopian Analyzed social, economic, penal, and moral problems in England King’s chief minister Two Friends – Two Humanists
Desiderius Erasmus Sir Thomas More Two Friends – Two Humanists
The Reformation: Breaking with the Church Reformation: series of events where the authority of the pope and the Italian churchmen were rejected Martin Luther ( ) Founded Lutheran church Personal understanding of the Bible
King Versus Pope: All for an Heir Henry VIII Wants divorce from Catherine of Aragon She can’t produce an heir Wants to marry Anne Boleyn Asks for the pope to grant him a divorce – DENIED!!! Divorce was not allowed in the church Catherine’s nephew controlled the pope Appoints new Archbishop of Canterbury to declare marriage invalid Breaks from Church and declares himself head of the English Church – Church of England, Protestant Church
The Protestant Reformation Henry closed all monasteries and sold rich buildings to his subjects This angered some subjects Some wanted Catholicism Sir Thomas More – BEHEADED
The Protestant Reformation Others thought it was similar to Catholic church Wanted to get rid of: Bishops, priest’s vestments, prayer books, stained glass windows, etc… Wanted Individual relationship between person and God
Henry VII: Renaissance Man and Executioner 5 Tudor rulers Henry VII Seized throne from War of the Roses
Henry VIII: Renaissance Man and Executioner Henry VIII’s wives Catherine of Aragon- DIVORCED Anne Boleyn-BEHEADED Jane Seymour-DIED Anne of Cleves - DIVORCED Catherine Howard- BEHEADED Catherin Parr-SURVIVED
Henry VIII: Renaissance Man and Executioner Accomplishments Royal Navy Wrote poetry and played music Athlete Hunter
The Boy King and Bloody Mary Henry had 3 children Mary – daughter of Catherine of Aragon Elizabeth- daughter of Anne Boleyn Edward- son of Jane Seymour
The Boy King and Bloody Mary Edward VI Crowned at age of 9 Died at 14 years old Sick of tuberculosis
The Boy King and Bloody Mary Mary (reigned ) Catholic Hunted down Protestants Killed her subjects Married Philip II, king of Spain Died childless
Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen Elizabeth I (reigned ) most successful monarch in history Reestablished Church of England Excommunicated by pope Played men against each other for her affection Never married
A True Daughter Mary Queen of Scots Threatened the throne by being the next heir Elizabeth kept her in exile Had her beheaded
The Spanish Armada Sinks: A Turning Point in History Philip of Spain used Mary’s execution as a reason to invade The Spanish Armada England destroyed Armada
A Flood of Literature Constant stream of writing Elizabeth provided inspiration Gloriana, Diana, the Faerie Queen, and Cynthia Works dedicated to her
A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman James I (reigned ) Elizabeth’s second cousin, son of Mary Lacked ability to resolve critical issues Created new translation of Bible
The Decline of the Renaissance Charles I (reigned ) Self-destructive Beheaded by his subjects in 1649 England then ruled by Parliament and Oliver Cromwell Charles II returned from exile to reign