1. Chapter 1 Part II~ The Renaissance Pages 58-60 in text

2.   European royal house of Welsh origin  Ruled from 1485 until 1603  Rose to power after The Wars of the Roses  wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal family - the houses of Lancaster (red rose) and York (white rose) for the throne of England  1455 to1485  final victory went to a relatively remote Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor  1 st Tudor monarch was Henry VII, became leader after fighting for it The Tudors

4.   Broke away from Catholic Church for political & personal reasons NOT religious reasons  Married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 who was previously married to his brother who died 1502  Had one daughter Mary but no sons  Needed one for an heir to throne  Wife was 42 & couldn’t have any more children so Henry VIII wanted a annulment or divorce (they separated in 1531)  Pope denied annulment & divorce wasn’t allowed by Church  Catherine’s nephew was Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Henry VIII, 1491-1547 took throne in 1509

6. Catherine Of Aragon

7.   1529, Henry asked Parliament to revoke the Pope’s authority in England  1533, secretly married Anne Boleyn who was in her 20’s  1534, Parliament recognized the divorce from Catherine  Act of Supremacy passed which made the King of England the head of England’s church NOT the Pope  Henry then did the following…  Closed all English monasteries  Seized the money & land of the monasteries  Land was 20% of England’s territory = more power for Henry

8. Anne Of Boleyn

9.   Anne gave birth to a girl, Elizabeth  Accused of adultery, incest, & treason  Imprisoned in the Tower of London  Beheaded in 1536  It is said that all charges against her were fabricated ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  1537, 3 rd wife, Jane Seymour, gave birth to a son named Edward  She died during birth  Married 1536 – 10 days after the death of Anne Boleyn  She is buried next to Henry VIII ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  He got an annulment from 4 th wife, Anne of Cleves – married 1540  Marriage never consummated  Only married for 6 months  She was never made a queen  She outlived Henry & all of his wives ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Beheaded his 5 th wife, Catherine Howard  after two years of marriage (1540-1542)  treason & adultery

10. Tower of London Jane Seymour 3 rd wife

11. Anne of Cleves – 4 th wifeKatherine Howard

12.   1547, Henry dies ~ 6th wife, Catherine Parr  She outlives him (marries in 1543)  She had four husbands – Henry was her 3 rd  After death (1547) his son Edward VI rules for six years  Became King at the age of 9  Died in 1553 at the age of 15  Poison?  Disease of the lungs?  Tuberculosis?  Protestant religion is very strong during his rule ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  1553, Lady Jane Grey (cousin) takes throne for 9 days ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  1553, ½ sister Mary I begins rule ~ AKA “Bloody Mary”  1 st woman to successfully claim throne of England  She was a devout Catholic  Returned England’s churches back to the Pope  Had Protestants killed ~ 280 burned @ the stake  Died in 1558 @ age of 42 from influenza  Married King Philip II of Spain, but no children

13. Katherine Parr Edward VI

14. Mary I Mary and her husband, Philip (prince of Spain)

15.   Returned kingdom to Protestant religion  Set up national church like the one her father created  Church of England = Anglican Church  Only legal church in England  Elizabeth was the head of the church  EVERYONE required to attend service OR pay a fine  Died in 1603 @ age of 69  Blood poisoning from makeup?  Cancer?  Old Age?  Never married & no children  James VI (cousin of Elizabeth) of Scotland took throne, son of Mary Queen of Scots (Henry VIII’s sister’s family) Elizabeth I, 1533-1603 Ruled from 1558-1603

17. Mary Queen of Scots James VI of Scotland / King James I of England

18.   Created so moderate Catholics & moderate Protestants could both accept it  Priest are allowed to marry  Sermons in English not Latin  Kept the rich/thick material robes & golden crucifixes  Book of Common Prayer was revised to be more acceptable by Catholics The Anglican Church

20.   Invasion of England by King of Spain, Philip II  wife was Mary I (Bloody Mary)  both were Catholic  Reasons… 1.Elizabeth supported Protestants who rebelled against him 2.Wanted to restore the “True Faith” to England 3.English pirates were attacking Spanish merchant ships carrying gold and food from the new American colonies The Spanish Armada

21. King Philip II of Spain

22.   Spanish Armada consisted of…  130 ships  8,000 sailors  19,000 soldiers  July 29, 1588 the Spanish Armada reached England  English easily defeated the Spanish with the help of bad weather  The Spanish were also ill equipped & didn’t have enough cannons & food