3.3 THE COMMERCIAL NORTH OBJECTIVE: Understand the economic changes in the northern colonies. Understand the intellectual and religious changes in the colonies.

Northern Colonies  In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization  Northern colonies’ economy grows more than England’s  VERY diverse economy  Growing merchant class  More urbanized than other colonies  Increasing number of immigrants coming  More and more diverse, less “Puritan” WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF HAVING A DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY?

Diversified Economy  Grinding wheat, harvesting fish, sawing lumber became thriving industries  Boston, NY, Phil., Charles Town  PROBLEMS: Fires Diseases Garbage Human waste

Diverse North  More Urbanized  Early immigration  Mainly Indentured servants, most came from England  German and Scot-Irish are next wave of immigrants  Diversity leads to clashes b/w ethnic groups  Diversity changes original “Puritan” character of NE

 Slavery  Existed, but not on the same level Farming in the north is less labor intensive Prejudice was still common, though.  NE colonists tend to be healthy, but not as wealthy as Southern, slave owning planters  Women  Have clear roles and responsibilities, but few legal rights

Role of Women  Many women in North still had a lot of responsibilities, but little legal rights.  Could not: Vote, buy or sell property, keep their own wages, enter into contracts Only widows or single women could run their own business

Salem Witchcraft Trials NNew England Town PPuritan TTituba AAfrican slave AAccused of witchcraft WHY WAS SHE THE FIRST? CCaused a hysteria TThe accused would accuse others DDriven by economics?  19 people were hung  5 others were killed  2 dogs executed  150 “witches” spent time in jail

Petition for bail from accused witches, 1692 This is a copy of the actual petition signed by the accused witches of the Salem witchcraft trials. (Library of Congress) Petition for bail from accused witches, 1692 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

HOW does this map show that the Salem Witchcraft trials were a symptom of social stratification and division?

The Enlightenment UUse of Science and Reason SScientific method LLooking beyond religion MMathematical laws DDeveloped in Europe AAn effect of the Renaissance TTypified by Benjamin Franklin (at left) FFamous in America and Europe for his Experiments with Electricity HHad many practical inventions Glasses (bifocal) Franklin Stove Lightning Rods SSpreading of ideas BBooks and pamphlets FFranklin’s Poor Richards Almanac EEffect on Politics TThomas Jefferson IIdea of Natural rights

The Great Awakening  A call for Puritans to return back to religious roots  Led by Jonathan Edwards (at right)  Intense preacher  Brilliant thinker  Famous for his Sermons, known as “jeremiads” Effects:  Brought many people into church for 1 st time, incl. N. Americans  Challenged authority of state- run churches. WHY?

WHY DID THE GREAT AWAKENING AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT LEAD PEOPLE TO QUESTION BRITISH AUTHORITY?

COMPARE/CONTRAST NORTHERNMIDDLESOUTHERN Puritan Religious Freedom Farm & Industry Small Farms Slow, but Growing Conflict w/Indians Good Climate Quaker Rel. Toleration Farm & Industry Farms Democratic Tolerant Good Rel.w/Indian Malaria in Chesap. Catholic/Misc. Economic Cash Crops Plantations Slavery Buffer State Punitive Wars Malarial