Do Now Collect a blank plant diagram and label as many parts as you can Stick it into your notes

Parts for Growth THE STEM

Function of the stem To carry water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves To carry food from the leaves to other parts of the plant To provide support for the leaves and flowers

Parts of the stem

Types of stems Stem can either be Herbaceous – soft and bendable - found on herbaceous plants and new growth - need water to keep them rigid Woody – rigid stems with woody cells - harder and lack flexibility - can hold themselves up

Inside the stem

Activity Collect a plant transport diagram Stick it into your books

9 The nutrients and water have to be transported within the plant from the roots to the leaves and the other way. This is done using vessels similar to our veins. The two major vessels are the Xylem & Phloem Stem Structure

Xylem --The Xylem is made up of bundles of tubes. Water is drawn up from the roots by evaporation (loss of water) from the plants leaves. Eventually the outer Xylem cells turn into wood. As the year passes these change colour and make the trees annual rings Phloem --The Phloem takes sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant. This is to feed the other parts of the plant.

Observing the xylem We are going to set up an experiment for tomorrow We need to dye the xylem of a celery plant so that when we look at it under a microscope we can see it in more detail You need 2/3 celery stalks A beaker Food colouring mix in water Place the celery stalk in the dye and put in near the window We will observe these tomorrow

Ring barking Ring barking removes the phloem tissue This stop food going to the roots It will kill the plant or tree

Observing Xylem tissue Aim: to observe the xylem in celery stalks and see how quickly water moves up a celery stem Method: 1.Put five leafy celery stalks in a beaker of water with food dye in it 2.Every 3 mins take out one celery stalk and slice it into 2 cm long pieces 3.Look at each piece and see how far the dye has travelled 4.Record your findings in a table that shows time taken and the height the dye has risen 5.Graph your results 6.Using a microscope observe the xylem and sketch what it looks like – can you find the phloem as well