 A phoneme is the vocal gestures from which words are constructed. There are 42 pure sounds singly and in combinations needed to write our 26 letter alphabet Example:  English phonemes /p/ and /i/ › Rip › Lip  The two letters sh represent the single phoneme / ʃ /, while the letters k and c can both represent the phoneme /k/ (as in kit and cat).

 If a child has complete phonemic awareness not only should they be able read, including words they have not seen before, but also they should be able to spell correctly without memorizing.  Understanding phonemes help people pronunciate more clearly. For example, people who have had a stroke and have lost the use of their left side of the body will need to re-learn how to use their tongue and mouth to pronounce sounds correctly.

Where you see what looks like two arrows pointing at each other…it is really a colon :

 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.  The IPA is used by foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech pathologists and therapists, singers, actors, lexicographers, and translators.

› Remember that we are focusing on sounds! › When you see double of a letter there is only ONE phoneme that represents it.  Example: Happy (the phoneme /p/ represents ‘pp’ …hǽpi:

On your class work page: List the above phonemes and write one word (not the ones that I used!) that also use these phonemes. It helps to sound them out! /p//b//t//d//k//g/ Pat Pull Boy Best Sat Taste Dude Dime Kite Cat Going Gift /f//v//s//z//m/ Family Alfalfa Violet Favorite Sat City Zipper Buzz Mommy Mad /n//h//l//r//w/ Noun Nation Happy Hope Laugh Lily Roar Ranger Walk West

Long vowel sounds Short vowel sounds ei MenMenNotNotButButCatCatAmericaBookSitSit HereDayTourBoyGoGoWearMyMyHow i:a:u: ReadPartPartWordTooSort Contoured vowels (the sound changes) On your class work page: List the above phonemes and write one word (not the ones that I used!) that also use these phonemes. It helps to sound them out!

ChurchJudgeThinkShortTheCasualSing j Yes On your class work page: List the above phonemes and write one word (not the ones that I used!) that also use these phonemes. It helps to sound them out!

 Write the following words phonetically: 1) Sad 2) Sing 3) Laugh 4) Words 5) City 6) Kite 7) Paper 8)Task

How would you write the following sentences phonetically? Translate these sentences on your class work paper: 1) The cat went to the city. 2) She is happy to sing for you. 3) Choose three short jokes.

 Get out a piece of paper and tear it in half  On one half write a short letter (at least 4 sentences) to a person in this class in plain English.  On the other half re-write the short letter using the phonemes you have learned today.  Wait for Mrs. Baker to tell you what to do next….

 Get with a partner and exchange your phonetic letters. (DO NOT SHOW THEM THE ENGLISH VERSION!)  Translate your friends letter from IPA to English.

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. Example: Unladylike consists of three morphemes: un- 'not‘ lady '(well behaved) female adult human‘ -like 'having the characteristics of‘ None of these morphemes can be broken up any more without losing all sense of meaning. Lady cannot be broken up into "la" and "dy," even though "la" and "dy" are separate syllables. Note that each syllable has no meaning on its own.

 Dogs consists of two morphemes: › dog, › -s, a plural marker on nouns Note that a morpheme like "-s" can just be a single phoneme and does not have to be a whole syllable.

 Technique › The word technique consists of only one morpheme having two syllables. › Even though the word has two syllables, it is a single morpheme because it cannot be broken down into smaller meaningful parts. Class Work: Write 15 morphemes that you can think of.

 A bound morpheme is a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme. Example:  The plural morpheme -s in dogs Note:  An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem. (We will get into roots and stems during another class period)

 A free morpheme is a grammatical unit that can occur by itself. However, other morphemes such as affixes can be attached to it. Example:  Dog  Dog can stand my itself but it can also have a bound morpheme attached like –s.