Wi-Fi is a branded standard for wireless connecting electronic devices. A Wi-Fi device, such as a personal computer, video game console, Smartphone, or digital audio layer can connect to internet via a wireless network access point. “Wi-Fi” is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for the product using the IEEE family standards. Wi-Fi uses by over 700 million people, there are over 4 million hotspots around the world and about 800 million new devices every year.
The term Wi-FI suggests Wireless Fidelity, resembling the longest established audio- equipment classification term fidelity or Hi-Fi. The Wi-Fi Alliance initially used an advertisement slogan for Wi-Fi, “The Standard for Wireless Fidelity”, but later removed the phrase from their marketing. The Wi-Fi logo indicates the certification of the product for interoperability. Non Wi-Fi technologies intended for fixed points such as Motorola Canopy are usually described as fixed wireless.
A Wi-Fi enabled device such as a personal computer, video game console, Smartphone, or digital audio layer can connect to Internet when within the range of a wireless network connected to the Internet. In addition to private use in homes and offices, Wi-Fi can provide public access at Wi-Fi hotspots provided either free of charge or to subscribe to various commercial services.
Routers that incorporate a digital subscriber line modem or a cable modem and a Wi-Fi access point, often set up in homes and other premises, can provide Internet access and internetworking to all devices connected to them. Wi-Fi also allows communication directly from one computer to another without the involvement of access point. This is called ad hoc mode of Wi-Fi transmission. Wi-Fi technology has been used in wireless mesh networks in London, UK.
Wi-Fi networks have limited range. A typical wireless router using b or g with a stock antenna might have a range of 32m(120ft.) indoors and 95(300ft.) outdoors. Wi-Fi in the 2.4GHz frequency block has slightly better range than Wi-Fi in the 5GHz frequency block. Due to the complex of radio propagation at typical Wi-Fi frequencies, particularly the effects of signal reflection of trees and buildings, algorithms can only approximately predict Wi-Fi signal strength for any given area in relation to a transmitter. This effects does not apply equally to a long range Wi- Fi, since longer links typically operates from towers that broadcast above the surrounding foliage.
A small percentage of WiFi users have reported adverse health issues after repeat exposure and use of WiFI, though there has been no publication of any effects being observable in double-blinded studies. Reported symptoms, purportedly caused by electromagnetic hypersensitivity to Wi-Fi, include “ headaches, dizziness, insomnia, and even erratic speeding heart beats”.
A few health experts conclude there is a strong neurological component to described health issues. In a BBC article, the World Health Organization says “there is no risk from low level long term exposure to Wi-Fi networks ” and the United Kingdom’s Health Protection Agency reports that exposure to Wi-Fi for a year results in “same amount of radiation from a 20min. mobile phone call. ”
Wi-Fi allows cheaper deployment of local area network(LANs). Manufacturers are building wireless networks adapters into most laptops. Different competitive brands of access points and client network-interface can inter-operate at a basic level of service. Wi-Fi operates in more than 220,000 public hotspots and in tens of millions of homes and corporate and university campuses worldwide.
A Wi-Fi signal occupies five channels in the 2.4GHz band; and two channels whose channel number differ by five or more, such as 2 and 7, do not overlap. The Internet protocol was designed for a wired network in which packet loss due to noise is very rare and packets are lost almost exclusively due to congestion. On a wireless network, noise is very common. This difference causes TCP to greatly slow or break transmission when noise is significant, even when most packets are still arriving correctly.
To connect to a Wi-Fi LAN, a computer has to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. The combination of computer and interface controller is called a station. Each station is constantly tuned in on channel, so each transmission is noticed. A carrier wave is used to transmit the data in packets, referred to as Ethernet frames.
As of 2010 Wi-Fi technology has spread widely within business and individual sites. Wi-Fi enables wireless voice- applications. Over the years, Wi-Fi implementations have moved towards “thin” access points, with more of the network intelligence housed in a centralized network appliance, relegating individual access points to the role of “dumb” transceivers. Outdoor applications may use mesh topologies.