English 306 English III Lecture (01) Passive Voice By Munira M. Ismail English III Lecture (01) Passive Voice By Munira M. Ismail

2 Passive Voice  Objectives:  By the end of this lecture Students should be able to make “Active & Passive Voice sentences” in:  The Present / Past / Future Tenses.  The Negative / Questions.

3 Passive Voice  A sentence in English has:  Tim Burner's Lee inventedthe World  Tim Burner's Lee invented the World Wide Web Wide Web. Active Voice.  This is an Active Voice. Subject Verb Object Subject + verb + Object. Subject + verb + Object.

4 Passive Voice We can make a Passive Voice:  We can make a Passive Voice:  Tim Burner's Lee invented the World Wide Web. subject verb object agent verb object The World Wide Web The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Burners Lee. by Tim Burners Lee.

5 Passive Voice  Some sentences have Two Objects:  Direct Object & Indirect Object.  The teacher gave the student a book. Subject Ind.Object Verb Dir.Object

6 Passive Voice  We can make Two Passive Sentences:  A book was given to the student by the teacher.  The student was given a book by the teacher. Agent Ind.Object Verb Dir.Object Ind.Object Verb Agent

7 Passive Voice  The Passive Voice:  We use Passive Voice when the Object is Important, we put the Object at the beginning of the sentence, then the Verb after some changes, we can put the subject as an agent at the end of the sentence after by. Object + verb + by (agent). Object + verb + by (agent).

8 Passive Voice  The nurse checked the patient’s blood pressure.  The patient’s blood pressure was checked by the nurse. Subject Verb Object agent Verb Object

9 Passive Voice  Cigarettes cause cancer.  Cancer is caused by cigarettes. Subject Verb Object agent Verb Object

10 Passive Voice  The verb is changed when it’s put in the Passive according to the Tense of Verb.  (1) the Passive in the Simple Present:  Ahmed wins the first prize.  The first prize is won by Ahmed. am / is / are + Past Participle (P. P.) am / is / are + Past Participle (P. P.)

11 Passive Voice  They drink a lot of coffee.  A lot of coffee is drunk by them.  Ex 1: change these active sentences into the passive:  1. I buy a newspaper every morning.  A newspaper is bought every morning by me.

12 Passive Voice  2. Bees produce honey.  Honey is produced by bees.  Is honey produced by bees? ( Question)  3. Sally waters the flowers every day.  The flowers are watered every day by Sally.

13 Passive Voice  (2) Passive Voice in Simple Past:  Aisha made a big cake.  A big cake was made by Aisha.  Mohammad filled the car with petrol.  The car was filled with petrol. was / were + Past Participle (P. P.) was / were + Past Participle (P. P.)

14 Passive Voice  Dr. Ahmad examined the patient.  The patient was examined by Dr. Ahmad.  Fleming discovered Penicillin in  Penicillin was discovered by Fleming in  The nurse didn’t take the temperature. ( Neg.)  The temperature wasn’t taken by the nurse. ( Negative)

15 Passive Voice  Ex2: Change into Passive Voice:  1. Father sent us a postcard from Paris.  A postcard was sent to us from Paris by father.  2. Ali caught the first bus this morning.  The first bus was caught this morning by Ali.  The first bus wasn’t caught this morning by Ali. ( Neg.)

16 Passive Voice  (3) Passive Voice in the Present Continuous:  They are taking the injured people to the hospital.  The injured people are being taken to the hospital.  The students are attending the lecture.  The lecture is being attended by the students. am / is / are + being + (P. P.) am / is / are + being + (P. P.)

17 Passive Voice  The surgeons are operating on an old woman right now.  An old woman is being operated on right now.  Ex 3: Put these sentences in the Passive:  1. The girls are learning English.  English is being learned by the girls.  2. She’s doing some exercises.  Some exercises are being done.

18 Passive Voice  (4) Passive Voice in Past Continuous:  The children were playing football.  Football was being played.  Amina was using the computer.  The computer was being used by Amina. was / were + being + (P. P.) was / were + being + (P. P.)

19 Passive Voice  Ex 4: Put the sentences in the Passive:  1. Aisha was writing a report.  A report was being written by Aisha.  2. The children were eating chocolate.  Chocolate was being eaten by the children.  The surgeons weren’t operating on the new patient.  The new patient wasn’t being operating on. (Neg.)

20 Passive Voice  (5) Passive Voice in Present Perfect:  The doctor has given a new treatment to the patient.  A new treatment has been given to the patient by the doctor.  Has new treatment been given to the patient by the doctor? ( Question) have / has + been + P. P. have / has + been + P. P.

21 Passive Voice  The engineer has designed a beautiful new house.  A beautiful new house has been designed by the engineer.  Mother has cleaned the house.  The house has been cleaned by mother.

22 Passive Voice  (6) Passive Voice in Past Perfect:  1. The police had reopened the Motorway after the car accident.  The Motorway had been reopened after the car accident by the police.  2. They had built a new hospital.  A new hospital had been built. had + been + P. P. had + been + P. P.

23 Passive Voice  3. She had borrowed a new book.  A new book had been borrowed by her.  (7) Passive Voice with will / can / must:  1.They will paint the old house.  The old house will be painted.  You can’t finish this work in an hour. (Neg. active)  This work can’t be finished in an hour.(Neg. passive) will / can / must + be + p.p. will / can / must + be + p.p.

24 Passive Voice  2. You must give up smoking.  Smoking must be given up.  3. The nurse will help the patient to walk.  The patient will be helped to walk by the nurse.  4. I can help you with your homework.  You can be helped with your homework by me.