The Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland

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Presentation transcript:

The Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland 11(c)

Overview of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Gland The thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck. It’s purpose is the release of the hormone thyroxin. It also releases calcitonin. The thyroid gland four smaller glands on the posterior side known as the parathyroid glands. Their purpose is the release of the hormone parathormone.

Draw and label a picture of the thyroid gland from a posterior view: Label the following: Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Trachea Larynx

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland Releases the hormone calcitonin, which lowers calcium in blood. Causes it to store in bones.

The Thyroid Gland Releases the hormone thyroxin. Thyroxin causes an increase in metabolism. Mechanism: Thyroxin causes cells to increase production of enzymes. Thyroxin’s release is regulated by the hormone TSH. (recall?)

What happens if one gets too little thyroxin?

The Thyroid Gland Disorders of the thyroid gland: Low levels of thyroxin = hypothyroidism. If one gets too little thyroxin during development = cretinism. Greek, “stupid”.

A form of hypothyroidism Cretinism: A form of hypothyroidism

Cretinism After thyroxin treatment…

Cretinism After thyroxin treatment…

The Thyroid Gland Disorders of the thyroid gland: If one gets too little thyroxin after childhood: myxedema. Greek, “Dry, cold skin”. Causes low mental function, weight gain, dry skin. After thyroxin treatment…

Myxedema: Hypothyroidism in elderly people

Hypothyroidism is a reduced output of thyroxin from thyroid: This causes a rapid reduction in metabolism, leading to: Weight gain Sluggishness Slower brain function/ loss of intelligence

Hypothyroidism If young… If old… Cretinism Myxedema

What happens if one gets too much thyroxin?

The Thyroid Gland Disorders of the thyroid gland: High levels of thyroxin: Hyperthyroidism. A common form is: Graves Disease.

Graves Disease: A form of Hyperthyroidism

After treatment to reduce thyroxin levels” Grave’s Disease: A form of hyperthyroidism After treatment to reduce thyroxin levels” Normal

Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Cretinism Myxedema Grave’s Disease Too little thyroxin… Too much thyroxin… Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Cretinism Myxedema Grave’s Disease

Other disorders of the thyroid gland

The Thyroid Gland Disorders of the thyroid gland: The thyroid gland requires iodine to manufacture thyroxin. If too little iodine in diet: Goiter.

Goiter: Having too little iodine in diet

The Parathyroid Gland

The Parathyroid Gland Releases the hormone parathormone, which increases calcium in the blood. Releases calcium from bones. Why is important? Because we need calcium for nerve to function and cannot have too much calcium in bones.

Why do we need parathormone to lower calcium in bones?

Why do we need parathormone to lower calcium in bones?

Why do we need parathormone to lower calcium in bones? Roy Lee “Rocky” Dennis 1961-1978

Review of Thyroid & Parathyroid Hormones Thyroid Gland Thyroxin Increases metabolism of cells by causing an increase in enzyme production & activity. Calcitonin Lowers calcium in blood by storing it in bones. Parathyroid Gland Parathormone Raises calcium in blood by removing it from bones. (Posterior)