The Age of Exploration Mr. Simmons World History

Motives and Means 1. Attraction to Asia Most fascinated with Marco Polo’s visit to the far east Most fascinated with Marco Polo’s visit to the far east Travel by land was difficult due to the Ottoman Empire. Travel by land was difficult due to the Ottoman Empire. Europeans wanted a route by sea. Europeans wanted a route by sea.

Motives and Means (cont) 2.Desire for wealth Hope to find precious medals and expand trade (spices) Hope to find precious medals and expand trade (spices) 3. Religious expansion Desire to spread Catholic Faith to the natives. Desire to spread Catholic Faith to the natives. “God, Glory, and Gold” were three motives for exploration “God, Glory, and Gold” were three motives for exploration

Motives and Means (cont) By 15 th Century most European monarchies had the means and the technology to support expansion and long voyages. By 15 th Century most European monarchies had the means and the technology to support expansion and long voyages. Technology was acquired from the Arabs Technology was acquired from the Arabs - Portolani were charts that closely resembled the distances and positions of coastlines. - Cartography art/science of mapmaking, had been successful in creating fairly accurate maps. - Compass lead to direction - Astrolabe showed latitude coordinates

Question What motive for expansion do you think was the strongest for the captains and sailors of these initial voyages? What motive for expansion do you think was the strongest for the captains and sailors of these initial voyages?

Portugal First leaders of exploration (1420) First leaders of exploration (1420) Bartholomeu Dias rounded tip of Africa (1488) Bartholomeu Dias rounded tip of Africa (1488) Vasco da Gama sailed to the Port of Calcutta in India (1498) returned with spices and made profits of several thousand percent. Vasco da Gama sailed to the Port of Calcutta in India (1498) returned with spices and made profits of several thousand percent. Spice Trade in Melaka, China, and Moluccas (Spice Islands) Spice Trade in Melaka, China, and Moluccas (Spice Islands) Portugal didn’t have power, people or desire to colonize any of the Asian regions. Portugal didn’t have power, people or desire to colonize any of the Asian regions.

Voyages to the Americas Spain wanted to find an easier route to Asia and the spice trade so sailed west. Spain wanted to find an easier route to Asia and the spice trade so sailed west. Christopher Columbus believed he could reach Asia by sailing west, he was financed by Queen Isabella of Spain Christopher Columbus believed he could reach Asia by sailing west, he was financed by Queen Isabella of Spain In 1492 he reached Cuba (believed he reached Asia) In 1492 he reached Cuba (believed he reached Asia) Other countries realized Columbus had discovered a new frontier. Other countries realized Columbus had discovered a new frontier. England -John Cabot explored New England England -John Cabot explored New England America was named for Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci America was named for Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci

Question Only one country in the Americas speaks Portuguese today what is it and how did Portuguese become the dominant language? Only one country in the Americas speaks Portuguese today what is it and how did Portuguese become the dominant language?

The Spanish Empire The conquistadores were the Spanish conquerors of the New World The conquistadores were the Spanish conquerors of the New World Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incans which led to Spanish domination in Latin America Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incans which led to Spanish domination in Latin America Spanish system of colonial administration Spanish system of colonial administration -natives were called Indians and were subjects to Queen Isabella -Encomienda gave Spain the right to use natives as laborers Disease, starvation, and forced labor took huge toll on native populations also forced assimilation such as religion (Catholicism) Disease, starvation, and forced labor took huge toll on native populations also forced assimilation such as religion (Catholicism) -Haiti 100,000 to 300 -Mexico 25 million to 3 million

Question Today there is a push to replace the word Indian with Native American. Why do you think this is so? Why are the names of peoples and groups important to society? Today there is a push to replace the word Indian with Native American. Why do you think this is so? Why are the names of peoples and groups important to society?

Economic Impact Raw materials found in the New World pushed the exploration Raw materials found in the New World pushed the exploration Gold, silver, sugar, cotton, dyes, vanilla, hides, tobacco, corn, potatoes, coffee. Gold, silver, sugar, cotton, dyes, vanilla, hides, tobacco, corn, potatoes, coffee. Trade had become competitive between the European powers Trade had become competitive between the European powers The Dutch became very influential establishing the East and West India Companies The Dutch became very influential establishing the East and West India Companies The English started to become dominate taking control of several trading outpost. (New York) The English started to become dominate taking control of several trading outpost. (New York)

Economic Impact (cont) English chartered the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 English chartered the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 By 1700 the English controlled North America’s eastern seaboard By 1700 the English controlled North America’s eastern seaboard Colony – settlement of people living in a new territory linked to mother country by trade and governmental control. Colony – settlement of people living in a new territory linked to mother country by trade and governmental control. Mercantilism led to the idea of capatilism Mercantilism led to the idea of capatilism