The Cold War Divides the World Ch. 33, Sec. 4 Cuba Advanced World History Adkins

3 Worlds Following WWII, countries were grouped politically into 3 “worlds”. – 1 – Industrialized capitalist nations – 2 – communist nations led by the Soviet Union – 3 – developing nations, often newly independent, who were not aligned with either superpower These nonaligned countries provided another arena for competition for the Cold War superpowers (space race, arms race)

The three worlds as they were separated during the Cold War era, each with its respective allies. Cold War First WorldFirst World: the United States and its allies. United States Second WorldSecond World: the Soviet Union and its allies. Soviet Union Third World: Non-aligned and neutral countries.Non-alignedneutral

Third World Latin America, Africa, and Asia Economically poor and politically unstable – Due in large part to a long history of colonialism Ethnic conflicts Lack of technology and education These third world countries needed a new economic and political system. Which are they going to choose  Soviet-style communism or U.S. style free market? Some chose to remain neutral (nonaligned nations). Ex: India and Indonesia

Cuba - Castro 1950’s – Cuba was ruled by an unpopular dictator, Fulgencio Batista, who was backed by the U.S – Revolution overthrew Batista. This revolution was led by Fidel Castro, a lawyer. Castro brought social reforms, but he too soon became a dictator – suspended elections, jailed\executed opponents, controlled press Castro nationalized the economy – he took over U.S. –owned sugar mills. Eisenhower ordered an embargo  Castro turned to USSR for help.

Cuba  Bay of Pigs Invasion U.S. trained Cuban exiles invaded Cuba. Invaders were defeated. – U.S. did not provide support from the U.S. Air Force (decided by Kennedy). – Cuban population did not support the invasion. This defeat showed the USSR (Nikita Khrushchev) that the US would not resist Soviet expansion in Latin America.

Sound familiar? U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay is the oldest U.S. base overseas and the only one in a Communist country. We began leasing this land in In the lease it is required that both the U.S. and Cuba must mutually consent to terminate the lease.

Cuba – Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 – Khrushchev begins building missile sites on Cuba. An US spy plane discovers the sites. Kennedy demands their removal (too close to the U.S.) and sets up a blockade to block more Soviet missiles from coming. Luckily for the U.S. and the World, Soviet ships turn back. Khrushchev agrees to remove the missiles  US agrees not to invade Cuba.

Who are these men? What nations do they represent? What are they sitting on? What are they both getting ready to touch? Why are they sweating.