1. Superpowers Form Rival Alliances

2. Objective:
Students will explore the various alliances created during the Cold War and detail their purpose as measured through their Cornell notes, reading analysis, QW, and exit slip.

3. Setting the Stage
When WWII was won, it lead to the creation of the United Nations in June 1945
U.S. relations worsen in 1946 and 1947
Differing Goals
Communism vs. Democracy

4. United Nations
An international organization that was intended to protect it’s members against aggression
Base was located in New York
Five permanent members included Britain, China, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union

5. Opposing Goals
President Truman adopted a foreign policy called Containment
1949
10 western European nations joined forces with the United States and Canada to form a defensive military alliance called NATO

6. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
An attack on any NATO member would be met with armed force by all member nations

7. Warsaw Pact
The Soviet Union saw NATO as a threat and formed it’s own alliance in 1955 (the Warsaw pact)
An alliance that included the Soviet Union and most of Eastern Europe
An alliance formed to compete against NATO

9. Justify Think Pair Share
What was Truman’s policy of containment? In what ways was it implemented? Bring in specific examples.

10. Crisis in Cuba
Throughout the 1950s, U.S. supported a revolution to overthrow dictator Fulgencio Batista
U.S. helped Fidel Castro to lead his revolution in Cuba
Batista gets overthrown and Castro promises to restore democracy in Cuba

11. Fidel Castro Castro eventually becomes a harsh dictator
suspended elections
Jailed and executed opponents
Castro took over U.S. sugar mills and oil refineries in Cuba
President Eisenhower became furious and relationship with Cuba deteriorated
Castro turned to the Soviet Union for aid and became a communist country

12. The Bay of Pigs 1960 – John F. Kennedy becomes the new President
Informed by the CIA that the U.S. have been training Cuban exiles (1,700) to lead a revolution against Castro
Kennedy approves the invasion, but it fails
The 1,700 Cuban exiles never reached Cuba
American Commandos surrounded by 25,000 Cubans

13. The Bay of Pigs Kennedy is embarrassed due to the failed mission
Spent 54 million dollars to free the captured commandos and the U.S. is humiliated

14. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Nikita Khrushchev (the new dictator of the Soviets) secretly began to build 42 missile sites in Cuba
American spy planes discover these nuclear missiles
The missiles were in firing range of the U.S.
Kennedy will follow through with the policy of brinksmanship

15. The Cuban Missile Crisis
Kennedy demanded that the Soviets remove the 42 missiles or he will fire nuclear missiles at Cuba
People feared that this standoff will start nuclear war
Khrushchev agreed to remove the missiles if the U.S. promises not to invade Cuba and to remove their missiles from Turkey (firing range on the Soviets)

16. Justify Think Pair Share
How was the Cuban Missile Crisis an example of brinksmanship? Did you agree with the way Kennedy handled the situation? Explain.