Musical Periods

Antiquity Medieval Renaissance Baroque Classical Romantic Modern Present

Or…. AntiquityAssembling MedievalMany RenaissanceRubber Baroque Bands ClassicalCan RomanticReally ModernMake PresentPain

Medieval Period What comes to mind when you hear the word “medieval?”

Medieval Period Pre 1400 Unknown composers Unison Gregorian chant Troubadours/Minstrels

Unison With a partner, discuss what the word “unison” means. Everyone should be prepared to share. You will have thirty seconds from when I say go.

Unison Two or more voices singing the exact same notes.

Gregorian Chant C143811%7C143812%7C143813%7C143814%7C143815%7C143816%7C143817%7C143818%7C143819%7C143820%7C143821%7C143822%7C143823%7 C143824%7C143825%7C143826&domain=fredonia.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=9F804C20-B15F-4260-AB CF

Gregorian Chant 7%7C40188%7C40189%7C40190%7C40191%7C40192%7C40193%7C40194%7C40195%7C40196%7 C40197%7C40198%7C40199%7C40200%7C40201%7C40202%7C40203%7C40204%7C40205%7C402 06%7C40207&domain=fredonia.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=4777F68C-35A4-40E5-ABB9- 0D15D27D829B

Troubadours/Minstrels

With a partner… Describe Gregorian chant: What does it sound like? Where was it sung? By whom?

With a partner… Describe what troubadour/minstrel music sounds like.

CHALLENGE QUESTION! Why do we have so little record of written music from and before the medieval period?

CHALLENGE ANSWER! Aural tradition: music was learned by hearing someone else sing/play it. The printing press: Gutenberg’s moveable type was invented in Age: Many documents were lost due to environmental damage or purposeful destruction. Standard musical symbols: The first known successful attempt was in 1000 AD with the invention of solfege.

Renaissance Period What comes to mind when you hear the word “renaissance?”

Renaissance Music Around Renaissance means “rebirth” Mix of unknown and known composers including: Josquin des Prez, William Byrd, Giovanni Pierluigi Palestrina, Guillame Dufay, Johannes Ockegham Independent Voices Madrigals

With a partner… What does the phrase “independent voices” mean? Describe the sound of independent voices.

Independent Voices 4&tl=851034&domain=fredonia.naxosmusiclibr ary.com&pl_token=BFD6CAAD-7F83-432A- 9F6D-A562A0B18E8B

Madrigal Singers

Musical Notation

Baroque Period

Baroque Period What kind of music do you think was popular during the Baroque Period?

Baroque Period Baroque means “ornamented” Bach, Purcell, Vivaldi, Handel ornamentation fugue

With a Partner… How do you think music can be ornamented?

Ornamentation Musical decorations that are not part of the main melody Often fast notes Many different ways to ornament (4:40-5:03 without) (6:11-6:43 with) (1:10)

Fugue A fugue is a piece of music where the main melody (theme) is passed between parts and slightly changed. Bach’s Tocatta and Fugue (2:42) Sometimes sounds like a round

Musical Notation

With a partner… What do you think is the significance of the dates for the classical period?

Mozart! Mozart lived from The Classical Period is set around Mozart’s life.

Classical Music Around Classical means traditional with high standards Famous Composers: Mozart, Haydn Opera Why Mozart?

Opera Opera is a musical production where all of the language is sung.

Mozart’s Opera The Magic Flute 2:11 Don Giovanni

Why Mozart? Why do you think Mozart was such a central focus for the classical period?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Austrian Child prodigy: Began writing music at the age of 5 Published his first piece of music at age 7 Wrote his first opera at age 12 Died at age 35 having composed symphonies, operas, concertos, masses, and chamber music

Musical Notation

Romantic Period

With a partner… Why do you think the next musical period is called “Romantic?”

Romantic Era Around Romantic means an emotional or idealist view Famous Composers: Schubert, Debussy, Dvorak, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven Symphonies and ballets Evolution of Opera

Symphony A symphony is a long musical composition divided into parts called movements. It is performed with full orchestra. 14:41https://

With a partner Predict what will happen to opera in the modern period.

Modern Period

Modern means up to date and current Famous Composers: Philip Glass, John Cage, Leonard Bernstein, Aaron Copland, Charles Ives, Igor Stravinsky, Bela Bartok, George and Ira Gershwin Atonality Musicals and Ballets

Atonality Music that does not have a key (no Do) John Cage: 4’33” 1:15

Musicals Evolved from opera “operetta” Musical

Present Era

Present 1930 – today John Williams, Eric Whitacre, Stephen Soundheim, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Stephen Schwartz, Alan Menken, Hans Zimmer Soundtrack Musical Theater

What is a Soundtrack? With a partner, discuss what a soundtrack is and where you might hear it.

A Soundtrack is… Soundtrack: a recording of the musical accompaniment to a movie.

John Williams “America’s Composer” You have heard his music everywhere! Do you recognize these examples?

Musical Theater Musical: a dramatic work that uses both singing and speaking to tell as story. Often, there is a dance element as well.

What’s Next? For next class, be thinking of which musical period you would most like to learn more about.

Job Descriptions: Composers/Song: You will need to find at least two composers who were popular during your musical period. You will also need at least one song title to display on your poster that is from your time period.

Job Descriptions: Style/Instruments: You will need to create a short description of the musical style and instruments that were used during your time period. Your description should not be longer than 5 sentences.

Job Descriptions: Dates/Pictures/Title You will be in charge of making sure everyone has the correct dates for: the time period, the composers’ birth and death dates, the year the song was written, and the facts your group chooses. You will also be in charge of a title for the poster. It is your responsibility to make sure there are 3 or more pictures on the poster.

Job Descriptions: Fact Organizer: You are in charge of the 5 facts about your time period.

So…Which Time Period? First: Miss P. will randomly ask the class to each choose their first choice of time period Second: Miss P. will go in reverse order to determine the job each person will have in the group.