Enlightenment Thinkers. Vocabulary constitution: a written plan for gov’t; limits and grants government’s power Parliament: England’s group of representatives.

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Presentation transcript:

Enlightenment Thinkers

Vocabulary constitution: a written plan for gov’t; limits and grants government’s power Parliament: England’s group of representatives that makes laws

Vocabulary Civil Liberties: freedoms of citizens and protected by gov’t –Speech –Religion –Privacy –Etc. Natural Rights: rights that every person is born with (Life, Liberty & Property)

John Locke (England) All humans have “natural rights” or “inalienable rights” Humans give up certain freedoms to Government to have natural rights protected (social contract) If gov’t does NOT protect peoples’ rights, the people can change the gov’t!

 DISCUSS: When you go through airport security, what freedoms might you give up? Which one of your “natural rights” is the government protecting?

Baron de Montesquieu (France) Believed too much power in one place is dangerous for the people “Separation of Powers” between branches of government to prevent tyranny Ex: England –King-enforced laws –Parliament-made laws –Judges-interpreted laws

 DISCUSS: What might happen if Police Officers were the ones who determined the people they arrested guilty instead of judges or juries?

DISCUSS: In colonial government, assemblies controlled the salary of the governor. How is this an examples of Montisqieu’s separation of power?

Jean Jacques Rousseau (France) Humans will destroy themselves if they don’t give up some freedoms Humans create a “social contract” with government to protect themselves

 Discuss: How are speed limits examples of the social contract?

Voltaire (France & England) Believed in Civil Liberties –Trial by Jury of peers –Freedom of Religion –Freedom of Speech

 DISCUSS: Voltaire once said: “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your RIGHT to say it.” What do you think he meant by that?

Magna Carta-1215 Limited the King of England’s Power & gave power to Parliament Established a Constitutional (limited) Monarchy

Colonial Government – 1600s Colonial governor represented the King Colonists voted for members of a legislature (assembly)

Virginia House of Burgesses st representative government in the colonies What kind of democracy did this establish?

Mayflower Compact st document to establish self- government in the colonies

New England Town Meetings Extended self- government in the colonies Promoted Direct Democracy in the colonies

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut st written constitution in the American colonies that secured rights for the colonists.

Maryland Toleration Act st Document to recognize religious freedom in the colonies

Peter Zenger Trial Zenger was found not guilty of libel because his accusations were true. Established Freedom of the Press in colonies