Struggle for North America France, the Netherlands, England, Sweden, and Spain begin settling in North America

A. Expansion of French fishing in North America results in France occupying nearly half of North America B.Explorers and missionaries 1.France claims the area of modern-day Canada and calls it New France 2.Jacques Cartier explores the coastline of Eastern Canada and ‘discovers’ the St. Lawrence River

C. Furs, Trapping, and Fishing 1.French fur traders travel further inland a.France’s empire eventually reaches from Quebec to the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico b.However, the French population grew slowly because of harsh and long winters c.High demand led to high prices which enticed French settlers to focus on fur trading and fishing

D. An Empire Slowly Expands 1. French King Louis XVI raised taxes on his overseas empire to increase revenues

II. The 13 English Colonies A. John Cabot lands at Newfoundland in 1497 and claims the area for England

B. Establishing the First Colonies 1.First permanent English colony is built at Jamestown, VA in 1607 a.First few years were filled with harsh winters, starvation, and disease b.Survivors helped by Native Americans

2. English settlers landed at Plymouth, MA in 1620 called themselves Pilgrims a.Came seeking religious freedom i.Signed the Mayflower Compact ii.Compact- agreement on rules of governance

C. The English Colonies Grow 1.A total of 13 colonies established a.Abandon dreams of finding gold and instead used natural resources b.Northern colonies began fishing, logging, and shipbuilding c.Southern colonies develop agriculture, growing cash crops including rice and tobacco Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Hampshire New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

D. Governing the Colonies 1.Unlike Spanish and French colonies, English settlers had self-governance a.Each colony had its own representative assembly b.Assembly was elected settlers (only property- owning men)

III. Struggling for Power Conflict arose between Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands over control over territory in North America

A. Competing for Colonies 1.French controlled most of Canada 2.Spanish claimed areas of modern-day Texas and Florida 3.English and Dutch had colonies along the East Coast 4.Native Americans hoped to take advantage of this conflict by playing European powers against each other

B. Bitter Rivalry Turns to War 1.Britain and France battle each other in Europe, North America, Africa, and Asia in the French and Indian War a.Also called the Seven Years’ War

2. the French and Indian War ends with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 a.France ceded Canada and all its land east of the Mississippi b.Britain gives France its slaving-trading outposts in Africa and its sugar plantations in the Caribbean c.France keeps in territory in central region of North America

Key Color/PatternColonyEuropean Country English Colonies New France Viceroyalty of New Spain Brazil Guiana

THE TRIANGLE TRADE

Triangle Trade The Triangle Trade was a series of trade routes linking Europe, Africa and the Americas.

Triangle Trade – Europeans brought goods to Africa (ex: guns, cloth, cash) – In Africa, merchants traded these goods for slaves – Slaves were transported to the Americas were they were traded for sugar, molasses, and other plantation goods – Merchants shipped American goods back to Europe (furs, sugar, cotton, molasses, fish, rum) – In England goods were sold or traded for guns, cloth, cash

The Middle Passage One leg of the Triangle Trade was the Atlantic Slave Trade The Middle Passage refers to journey the slaves took across the Atlantic

What goods were traded in the Triangle Trade? Manufactured Goods Slaves Gold Rum Tobacco Cotton Molassas