Do Now 11/22: Use your book to define… League of Nations Fourteen Points Self-Determination

A FLAWED PEACE Ch.13 sec 4

I. The Allies Meet and Debate A. Wilson’s Plan for Peace 1. The Big Four hammer out a peace agreement: Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), George Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (England), & Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

I. The Allies Meet and Debate A. Wilson’s Plan for Peace 2. Pres. Wilson created the Fourteen Points proposal which outlined a just and lasting peace

Major Points of the Fourteen Points: Jan. 1918: Pres. Wilson drew up peace plan Fourteen Points: First four: End to secret treaties, freedom of seas, free trade, reduced nat’l armies & navies Fifth: Adjustment of colonies w/fairness toward colonial peoples Six thru Thirteen: Change borders & create new nations *Fourteenth Point: Proposed “general association of nations” League of Nations

I. The Allies Meet and Debate A. Wilson’s Plan for Peace 3. The guiding light was Self Determination-this meant allowing people to decide for themselves what type of government they wanted to live by

I. The Allies Meet and Debate B. The Versailles Treaty 1. France and Britain wanted to punish Germany severely and strip them of all war making power.

I. The Allies Meet and Debate B. The Versailles Treaty 2. The Treaty of Versailles was signed at the Paris Peace Conference on 6/28/1919, five years to the day of Franz Ferdinand’s assassination

I. The Allies Meet and Debate B. The Versailles Treaty 3. Wilson’s 14 th point, League of Nations, was adopted and this league was to be an international association whose goal was to keep peace among nations

I. The Allies Meet and Debate B. The Versailles Treaty 4. Germany lost all territories over seas and had to accept Article 231 which forced them to accept sole responsibility for the war.

I. The Allies Meet and Debate B. The Versailles Treaty 5. Germany had to pay reparations (losers payments) to the Allies for losing the war

II. A Troubled Treaty A. Creation of New Nations 1. The Versailles Treaty was one of five treaties signed and it created feelings of bitterness and betrayal among victors and the defeated

II. A Troubled Treaty A. Creation of New Nations Western powers = separate treaties w/others Aust-Hung., Bulgaria, Ottomans New countries: Aust-Hung: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia Ottoman Emp: Turkey Russia: lost land

II. A Troubled Treaty B. A Peace Built on Quicksand 1. The U.S. rejected the Versailles Treaty mostly because of the League Nations. Americans wanted to stay out of European affairs and the League of Nations would force them to partake in their affairs.

II. A Troubled Treaty B. A Peace Built on Quicksand 2. The U.S. worked out their own treaties with Germany and its Allies Treaty of Versailles not successful U.S. rejected treaty (League of Nations) German = bitter & hatred Colonies’ independence was DENIED Italy & Japan WWII

II. A Troubled Treaty B. A Peace Built on Quicksand 3. The citizens of Asia and Africa disliked how the Allies mandated their land and not acknowledging their desire for independence

II. A Troubled Treaty B. A Peace Built on Quicksand 4. Japan and Italy were upset that did not receive more land for their help in ending the war which led them to be bitter about the treaty

Question… Which of the following best describes how most of the decisions were made for the Treaty of Versailles? a. Germany came up with most of the ideas about how France should be punished. b. Most of the decisions were made by the leaders of the main allied countries known as the Big Four. c. The Treaty of Versailles was created as a conference by the United Nations. d. The Austria-Hungary Empire used their military power to bully the other countries.