ROLL NO.ENROLLMENT NO.NAME MAKVANA DISHA R. GUIDED BY : PROF. R. JADAV

INTRODUCTION The energy in the flowing water can be used to produce electricity. Hydroelectric power is generated by running the turbine blades by the energy of flowing water and thus producing electricity from the generator coupled to the turbines. Hydropower is obtained from the generators coupled to water turbines which convert the hydraulic energy into the mechanical energy.

Production of electric power by using the energy of the flowing water is excellent use of water, as no water is consumed in it. For the production of hydroelectric power the main major components of the power plant are plays an important roll. It shown in below.

PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS OF HYDROELECTRIC SCHEME That is describe as below, 1) Fore bay 2) Intake structures 3) Penstocks 4) Surge tank 5) Turbines and governors 6) Power house 7) Draft tube

1) Fore bay A fore bay is an enlarged body of water which is provided just in front of the penstocks. It is a one type of reservoir which provide the water to the penstocks. When canal is convey the water and if the power house is located far away from the dam than long canal is provided and its lower end is kept as enlarged, so that section is react itself as fore bay.

2) INTAKE STRUCTURE The water is conveyed from the fore bay to the penstocks through the intake structure. The main components of an intake structure are;  Gates  Trash racks And beside the trash rakes, other accessories are,

 Rakes  Ice removal equipments  Penstock closing gates with their hoisting mechanisms.

3) PENSTOCKS Penstocks are the huge diameter pipes which carry water under pressure from the storage reservoir to the turbine. It is sluice which is control the water flow. Penstocks are provided within the head gates which can be closed and permit the repair of penstocks.

4) SURGE TANK A surge tank is a cylindrical open topped storage tank which is connected to the penstocks at a suitable point. FUNCTIONS : when the load is decreases and water moves backward direction and get stored in it. When the load is increases additional supply of water is provided by the tank.

There is manly three types of surge tank, 1) Simple type of surge tank 2) Restricted entry type of surge tank 3) Differential type of surge tank

5) TURBINES Hydraulic turbines are convert the hydraulic energy into the mechanical energy. And the mechanical energy is developed by turbines and turbine is coupled to the generator. Turbine consisting the series of wheels is called RUNNER

The water having large hydraulic energy is made to strike the runner, and thus causing it rotate. This rotation of the turbine runner is passed on to the generator bye coupling the generator and turbine together trough the turbine shaft. This result in rotating the generator armature and thus develops electric power is known as HYDROELECTRIC POWER

Hydraulic turbines classified as under: 1) Impulse or velocity turbines 2) Reaction or pressure turbines  Impulse turbine: it is generally uses the velocity of the water to move the runner discharge to atmospheric pressure.  Reaction turbine: the development of power from this type of turbine and it is used the combined action of pressure and velocity of water.

6) POWER HOUSE It is a building which is consisting of substructure to support the hydraulic and electrical equipment and a super structure to house and protect these equipments. The various hydraulic equipments are gates or gates valves, governors etc… The various electrical equipments are generators, transformers, switching equipment etc…

SUBSTRUCTURE: It mainly consist of foundation of concrete block immediately below to the machine hall. And that block extending from foundation to the generator floor with waterways formed within it.

SUPER STRUCTURE: It is the main building of the power house which is constructed above the generator floor. The generating units are almost arranged in straight line across the direction of flow o water through the power house.

7) DRAFT TUBE It is a pipe or passage of gradually increasing cross sectional area, which connect the runner exit to the tail race. Water as it emerges out of the runner, floe through this pipe of gradually increasing dia. And comes to the tail race lavel.

8) TAIL RACE It is the channel into which the water is discharged after the passing through the turbines. If the power house is a closed to the river, the overflow may be discharged directly into the river. But when the river is far away from the power house, one may constructed a channel of considerable length between the power house and river.