Latin American Revolutions

Review British Imperialism in India –Sepoy Rebellion British Imperialism in China –Opium War –Tai Ping Rebellion– led by a Christian convert –Boxer Rebellion – over foreign influence Japan industrializes and becomes imperialistic

Social Class System Peninsulares –Europeans born in Spain, stayed in Latin America temporarily for economic gain –Lots of money, good jobs  1 st class citizens Creoles –Born in New Spain, descendents of Europeans, lived in Latin America permanently –Controlled land and businesses,  2 nd class citizens Mestizo –Mix of European and Indian descent –Low level jobs,  3 rd class citizens Mulatto –Indians and African slaves –Lowest level of society

PENINSULARES CREOLE MESTIZOS MULATTOS

Spanish Colonies Late 1700’s – Spain owned colonies in much of the Western Hemisphere –Locals began to tire of Spanish rule & wanted independence. Spain owned much of Latin & South America & treated the residents as second class citizens –Abused them through mercantilism Mercantilism - government controlled colony exports more goods than it imports and sells at higher prices while buying at lower prices –Spain also heavily used slaves to work the plantations.

Freedom in Mexico 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo –A Creole priest in Mexico –Urged followers to fight for independence –Captured and execucted - revolution not successful but he b/g the mvmt for freedom in Mexico Father Jose Morelos –Mestizo priest in Mexico –Led rebel forces to fight for independence –Captured & executed in 1815 –Revolution not successful 1820 – Mexico gains independence from Spain

Freedom in South America Simon Bolivar –A Creole from Venezuela – led a rebellion to free Venezuela from Spanish rule –Called the “Liberator” because he later went on to free other countries from Spanish rule Ecuador, Peru, Colombia and Bolivia –Today he is regarded as the most important hero in South America San Martin –A Creole born in Argentina –1816 – helped Argentina win freedom from Spain –Then defeated the Spanish in Chile

Haiti Toussaint L’Ouverture –Born into slavery in Haiti (a French colony) B/c educated (read, spoke French, etc.) –1791 – a slave revolt broke out - L’Ouverture becomes the leader –1798 – the slaves were freed, but Haiti was still a French colony –1802 – Napoleon Bonaparte comes to power in France – sends a large army to Haiti –L’Ouverture fights for full independence –French kidnapped L’Ouverture, took him to France and imprisoned him Where he died 10 months later –1804 – Haitian leaders got their independence

Assignment!!! Latin American Revolutions Storybook HAVE FUN!!!

Classes in New Spain –Peninsulares –Creoles –Mestizos –Mulattos, Indians, African slaves Latin American Revolutions –Toussaint L’Ouverture –Father Miguel Hidalgo –Jose Morelos –Simon Bolivar –San Martin