Interpreting the Periodic Table H 1.01 1 He 4.00 2 345678910 1112131415161718 1920 LiBeBCNOFNe NaMg KCa AlSiPSClAr 6.949.0110.8112.0114.0116.0019.0020.18.

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Presentation transcript:

Interpreting the Periodic Table H He LiBeBCNOFNe NaMg KCa AlSiPSClAr

ATOMIC NUMBER The number of protons in an atom 19 K 39.1 atomic number

MASS NUMBER (atomic mass) The number of protons AND neutrons in an atom 19 K 39.1 atomic mass

Rules of Atomic Structure: 1.Atomic number = number of protons 2. Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons How do we determine the number of neutrons in an element? 3. Number of neutrons = mass number (rounded to the nearest whole number) – atomic number 3. Number of protons = number of electrons in a neutral atom

Atomic Structure -Radius of electron cloud is approximately times larger than the nucleus -An atom is similar to our Solar System  electrons are found in distinct orbits around the nucleus -We refer to the orbits as orbital shells

p + n nucleus (protons + neutrons) 1 st shell (max. 2 electrons) 2 nd shell (max. 8 electrons) 3 rd shell (max. 8 electrons) 4 th shell (max. 2 electrons) Orbital Shells

Valence electron: Electron in the outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms

Group 1 elements  1 valence electron Group 2 elements  2 valence electrons Group 13 elements  3 valence electrons Group 14 elements  4 valence electrons Group 15 elements  5 valence electrons Group 16 elements  6 valence electrons Group 17 elements  7 valence electrons Group 18 elements  8 valence electrons Self check:

H He LiBeBCNOFNe NaMg KCa AlSiPSClAr

HYDROGEN (H) PROTONS: 1 NEUTRONS: 0

HELIUM (He) PROTONS: 2 NEUTRONS: 2

LITHIUM (Li) PROTONS: 3 NEUTRONS: 4

BERYLLIUM (Be) PROTONS: 4 NEUTRONS: 5

BORON (B) PROTONS: 5 NEUTRONS: 6

CARBON (C) PROTONS: 6 NEUTRONS: 6

NITROGEN (N) PROTONS: 7 NEUTRONS: 7

OXYGEN (O) PROTONS: 8 NEUTRONS: 8

FLUORINE (F) PROTONS: 9 NEUTRONS: 10

NEON (Ne) PROTONS: 10 NEUTRONS: 10

SODIUM (Na) PROTONS: 11 NEUTRONS: 12

MAGNESIUM (Mg) PROTONS: 12 NEUTRONS: 12

ALUMINUM (Al) PROTONS: 13 NEUTRONS: 14

SILICON (Si) PROTONS: 14 NEUTRONS: 14

PHOSPHORUS (P) PROTONS: 15 NEUTRONS: 16

SULFUR (S) PROTONS: 16 NEUTRONS: 16

CHLORINE (Cl) PROTONS: 17 NEUTRONS: 18

ARGON (Ar) PROTONS: 18 NEUTRONS: 22

POTASSIUM (K) PROTONS: 19 NEUTRONS: 20

CALCIUM (Ca) PROTONS: 20 NEUTRONS: 20