1. Atoms and other Building Blocks of Matter by Dr H - W Winter
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2. Atomic Theory An atom is an incredibly small building block of matter.
Atoms are so small that we cannot see them, even with the best microscopes in the world.

3. ATOMS ARE EVERYWHERE Name 3 substances that are made of atoms
But, having said that ………
ATOMS ARE EVERYWHERE
Name 3 substances that are made of atoms

4. How Many Atoms?
Roughly how many atoms do you think there are in a teaspoon of sulfur (about 5g)?
(or about 1023)
There are over 100 different types of atoms.
Each one forms a different chemical element.
These elements are listed in the periodic table.

5. Atoms can now be “seen” using special technology
Image of individual atoms in Mica
(Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc

6. Two Examples of Atoms The Hydrogen Atom The Carbon Atom electron
protons & neutrons
proton
electrons

7. Atoms are made from sub-atomic particles
1. Protons (+ electric charge), p
2. Electrons (– electric charge), e
3. Neutrons (no charge), n
Protons and neutrons have about the same mass.
Electrons have about 2000 times less mass than protons.
Electrical Forces produce an attraction between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus. This is because they are oppositely charged.

8. Table of Sub-Atomic Particles
Name
Mass (mass units)
Charge on Particle
Where found
Symbol
Proton 1 +
Nucleus p+
Electron
1/2000 -
Electron shells e-
Neutron no
Have you finished copying the information?

9. Elements
An element is a substance that can not be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
A group of atoms are known as a chemical element if they all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.
Copper is an element.
Oxygen is another.
Can you name 5 more elements?

10. Hydrogen All Hydrogen atoms have 1 proton. They also have 1 electron.
The electron orbits the proton in an ‘electron shell’ at more than half the speed of light (like satellites around Earth).
proton

11. Properties of Elements

15. Carbon 6 electrons are found in the electron shells:
4 in the 2nd shell
2 in the 1st shell
6 protons
and
6 neutrons
make up the nucleus
Most of the atom is empty space
The nucleus is the heaviest part of the atom.

16. The First 20 Elements of the Periodic Table
No Symbol Name Help 1 H Hydrogen Harry 2 He Helium He 3 Li Lithium Likes 4 Be Beryllium Beer 5 B Boron By 6 C Carbon Cupsfull 7 N Nitrogen Not 8 O Oxygen Over 9 F Fluorine Frothy 10 Ne Neon Nelly’s
No Symbol Name Help
Na Sodium Naughty
Mg Magnesium MG
Al Aluminum Always
Si Silicon Sits
P Phosphorus Parked
S Sulfur So
Cl Chlorine Cleverly
Ar Argon Around
K Potassium K-Block
Ca Calcium Carpark

17. Types of Particles Atoms Atoms are single particles with no charge.
H Hydrogen atom
O Oxygen atom

18. Types of Particles Molecules
Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms connect to each other through their electrons (called bonding).
H2 Hydrogen molecule
H2O Water molecule

19. Types of Particles Ions
Ions are atoms (or a group of atoms) that have gained or lost electrons and become a charged particles.
Cl- Chloride ion
Na+ Sodium ion
SO42- Sulfate ion
OH- Hydroxide ion

20. Types of Matter Elements
Elements are pure substances made up of only one type of atom.
An element can be made of single atoms (e.g. Helium He)
An element can be made of molecules (e.g. Nitrogen N2)

21. Types of Matter Compounds
Compounds are formed when two or more different types of atom chemically combine together.
Oxygen
and Hydrogen
combine to form water

22. Types of Matter Pure Substance
Pure substances are made up of only one type of particle.
He Helium atoms
H2 hydrogen molecules
H2O water molecules

23. Types of Matter - Mixture Air: Salt Water: +
Mixtures contain several different particles blended together.
Air:
78% N2
21% O2
1% Ar
0.04% CO2
Salt Water: - +
H2O
Cl- (chloride ions)
Na+ (sodium ions)

24. Atoms and other Building Blocks of Matter by Dr H - W Winter
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