CHAPTER 1 THE PEOPLING OF THE WORLD Prehistory – 2500 B.C.

Human Origins in Africa Divisions of Time: Prehistoric Times end around 5000 BCE (when man began to write) and go back 5 million years or more Ancient history is from 5000 BCE to AD 500 (the fall of the Roman Empire) Medieval history – AD 500 to AD 1500 (discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus) A.D. – means Anno Domini or in the year of our Lord B.C. means before Christ Other scholars use the secular terminology of B.C.E. or Before the Common Era and C.E. or Common Era

Early Man Hominids – human beings and humanlike creatures who preceded them 1. Java and Peking Man – named after first discovery places 2. Neanderthal discovered in Neander Valley in German. 80,000 to 40,000 B.C.E. Thought to be dimwitted but learned how to use fire and made stone tools and weapons. Apparent belief in afterlife because they buried their dead with tools and weapons. 3. Cro Magnon Man – named after place in France where they were first discovered. Taller, more intelligent. Made better tools and weapons. Noted for painting walls of caves. Looked like modern man.

Migration of Early Man

Neanderthal Man – Duck Dynasty Ancestors?

Cro Magnon Man – da Vinci’s Grandpa?

Mary and Louis Leakey - Archaeologists Worked in Tanzania at the Olduvai Gorge Mary Leakey – 1978 found footprints that were about 3.5 million years old

Lascaux Cave

Lucy 1974 Donald Johanson discovered “Lucy” in Ethiopia – 3.5 million years old hominid Most nearly complete skeleton of any erect walking pre- human found up to that time. She was 3 ½ feet tall and weighed 60 pounds.

Lucy

Prehistoric Times Prehistory is divided into periods according to the tools people used. Old Stone Age – Paleolithic Tools were of stone, wood, bone Lasted til about 10,000 BCE 99% of earth’s history spent in Old Stone Age People were nomads – lived in small groups of 20 to 60 Hunted and gathered wild plants

Hand Ax

What do you think these are?

Mesolithic – Middle Stone Age 10,000 to 8,000 BCE Domestication of animals and beginning of a more settled existence Bows, arrows, stone axes with handles

Neolithic – New Stone Age 8000 to 3000 BCE Neolithic Revolution – switch from food hunting to food producing Farming Permanent Settlements More Advanced Technology

Why would people give up an easier lifestyle for a harder one?

Early farming methods – slash and burn Locations – Jarmo and Catal Huyuk