1. 9/9/2015 What are 4 things you need beyond simple survival? Why did you choose these things?

2. Prehistoric Peoples

3. Exploring Prehistory Who studies things of the past?  Historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers Each job makes educated guesses about the past using the evidence they find Why do we study history?  To learn from past civilizations  To be prepared for future

4. By using artifacts found in ancient settlements, we can learn about early people and their cultures What type of artifacts might they find?  Clothing, furniture, dishes, etc; Culture:  A set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns of living that a group of people develop

5. Early Finds Lucy  In 1974, Donald Johanson found female remains in Ethiopia  They believed she lived 3 million years ago Mary Leakey  Leakey found more remains in Tanzania in the late 1970s  Were from 3.7 million years ago  Belonged to a group called Australopithecus or “southern ape”  They walked upright like humans

6. Time? Years? What is the oldest thing in this room? Is one minute a long time? Is 200,000 years ago a long time? IT IS A LONG TIME! B.C.E. = Before Common Era A.D. = Anno Domino

7. Stone Age (Paleolithic) = The period of prehistory that begins with the development of stone tools Oldest part is called the Old Stone Age  Old Stone Age lasted for more than 2 million years or until about 12,000 years ago

9. Cold periods lasting 20,000 to 140,000 years ago What caused it?  Ice covered a large part of the Earth’s surface  Sea levels dropped because of so much ice freezing  As sea levels dropped, land bridges became uncovered and people moved from place to place The Ice Age

11. How do you think they learned to make fire to stay warm?  Hitting rocks, lightening, rubbing sticks? We now live in a warm era that began about 10,000 years ago

12. The First People They had powerful jaws, receding chins, low foreheads, and heavy eyebrow ridges Sometimes used caves as shelters Probably ate seeds, fruits, nuts, and other plants Eventually they hunted small then large animals

13. Neanderthal People We first find Neanderthals in caves in Europe and Southwest Asia They lived about 35,000 to 130,000 years ago  Wore animal skins, and used fire for warmth and cooking  Buried their dead with meat and tools showing that they might have believed in some form of afterlife For some reason they disappeared  Maybe new ice age or survival of the fittest

14. Cro-Magnon People Around 35,000 years ago these people appeared in Europe  They made better tools and weapons  Paintings on cave walls in Spain/Southern France may have been their “textbook” to teach hunting or myths and legends By 10,000 years ago Cro-Magnon people no longer existed and people became what we are today

15. Middle Stone Age (Mesolithic) From 12,000 years ago to 10,000 years ago Developed bow and arrow, fishhooks, fish spears, and harpoons out of bones and antlers Tamed dogs which became useful in hunting for smaller animals Hollowed out logs for canoes to fish and travel

16. New Stone Age (Neolithic) From 10,000 years ago to 4,000 years ago Learned how to chip stone to produce a point New Revolution – From nomads to agriculture to domestication.…

17. Agricultural Revolution People used to be hunter-gatherers Suddenly new breakthrough knowledge changed everything  Plants grew from seeds  Making furrows in the earth to plant seeds  Invention of plow and fertilizer People stopped moving and starting building villages 9,000-5,000 B.C. villages became small cities