Communicating science In different forms Writing skills

Why? No communication of results/knowledge = No science Effective communication of knowledge = improving the quality of the research

Why? Your own professionalism will include effective communication Science Knowledge Ideas/Proposal.

How + reviewing two thesis’s week Review meetings weeks Hand in version for revision: Deadline Monday 19 th March Send to supervisor, examiner, and your two student reviewers. Projectdayhourweek Short oral presentation, hand in your reflection of improvement Friday1711 C.V.Friday1720 PosterSunday1219 Web pageFriday1720 LeafletSunday1219 Short essay, Reflection and consideration.Friday1722 Writing process document of essay writingFriday1722 Oral presentationFriday Note on asked questionsFriday1722 Final version of thesisFriday1722

Suggestion to go about Read the book and lectures breifly, really fast. All chapters and lectures! Read the specific chapters and notes before the lecture. Use the different parts/chapters whenever needed in your projects Interrupt and start a discussion whenever you like. This part will improve if you’ve read the chapters/books/lectures beforehand

Forms of communicating science Oral presentations Written –Conference –Brief communication –Full articles –Reports –Proposals –Popular science Different media Journals, books etc Posters Movies TV IT: on internet, CD/DVD

Scientific paper reflecting Research process (Scientific method)

Scientific method Scientific theory Many experiments and observations support the theory, a set of hypothesis The results are analyzed and the hypothesis is rejected or supported Conclusion Experiment/Observations The hypothesis is tested by experiment or further observations A testable hypothesis Is formulated Hypothesis Observation New observations Studying previous results

Sections of a scientific paper IMRAD Introduction Methods Results And Discussion Pelle will develop on this in his part I will compare this with general essay writing

How to write/communicate From: Writing Keystones: L Dupont Describing the process, defining a technique, to produce an essay. New skills and ways of working. Will improve the results and also make you more confident

Writing process Prewriting –brainstorming Drafting –Write down the ideas –Bad version, disorganized, missing pieces, errors Revising –What is actual the assignment? –How the content relate to the overall theme/thesis statement? –How is the content organized? –How is the style? Adapt to your reader –How are you using words, varying sentence structure? Proofreading –Spelling erors, omissions (words, phrases) Don’t take any shortcuts! Do each step over and over again before moving further. Don’t proofread before your done with revising Avoid writer’s block by ‘sloppy’ prewriting and drafting!

Essay structure Introduction Body Conclusion Compare with IMRAD

Thesis statement State your main point, thesis, clearly and directly. Compare with objective, Malmfors et al –Directly means within first or second paragraph. –The reader will know where your heading –Balance between general and specific Thesis statement: First, make a general statement. Second, revise it by narrowing down, carefully. Back and forth between general and specific. Write all steps of the formulation to be able to check and go back. A hand-in exercise

Introduction –The context –One or two paragraphs, sentences totally –Includes thesis statement, usually at the end of the introduction –Note, can/should be the introduction in your section Introduction according to IMRAD.

The body Develop and support the thesis Evidence to support your claims Analysis: why and how examples support your claims.

Conclusion Something, for the reader to think about Relevant for the topic/thesis statement Compose by –End with a question –Refer back to your thesis statement –Discuss consequences –Use quotations from outside source –Point out limitations of thesis –Share your new insights

Modes of discourse A method to explore and writing about a topic Within a piece of writing you combine different modes of discourse Different modes –Analysis –Cause/effect –Classification –Comparison/Contrast –Definition –Description –Exemplification –Narration (storytelling) –Persuasion/Argumentation Relate to either logic, ethics or emotions of reader –Process description Metoder för resonemang

Prewriting and Drafting Prewriting –Brainstorming, get your ideas out Visual, Oral, or Moving Freewriting –Pick a time limit and just write, keep focused on writing Outlining –Headings and subheadings Drafting –Get the words out –It can be a bad first version, no one have to read it

Assignments ahead Wednesday Thursday Make on oral presentation of your final thesis work, 10 minutes presentation: –Five slides (power point): First: Introduction (mainly thesis statement) Second and Third: Body (avoid detailed results) Fourth: Discussion Fifth: Conclusions Finish your hand in version of the thesis Monday w 12 Revise two thesis during w 12 and 13. See specific guidelines. Poster and CV w 14, 15, 17, and 18 Review meetings w 13 and 14. Schedule will be posted It’s learning

Improving oral presentations Tuesday Wednesday (read chapter 10 Malmfors et al) Make on oral presentation of your final thesis work: –Five slides (power point): First: Introduction (mainly thesis statement) Second and Third: Body (avoid detailed results) Fourth: Discussion Fifth: Conclusions The procedure of practicing oral presentations. Prepare and practice for final presentation at graduation day 25th May –Short presentation Thursday and Friday –Written comments/evaluation from all classmates –Combine your classmates comments and add your own. –Define a strategy for improvement. –Hand in, by It’s learning, –Ask for comments by It’s learning. –During preparing the final presentation and during rehearsal: always have your strategy with you! Three most important messages to the audience ? – Which are they?

To give comments on oral presentations Be constructive! Heading for your comments: –Language Sentences –Load and clear? –Tempo, including variation –Free from notes? –Using the technical equipment –Contact with the audience –Handling questions –Applied to the audience –The introduction –Disposition ‘flow’ –The ending –Body language, bad habitats Locked in position or moving freely