Kingdom Protista

Background n unicellular, multicellular, filamentatous, thalloid, or colonial. n Reproduce sexually and asexually.

Kingdom Protista

Protozoans

Classification n Classified by how they move –Sarcodina move by pseudopodia –Ciliophora move by cilia –Zoomastigina or Mastigophora move by flagella –Sporozoan are non- motile

Phylum Sarcodina - Amoeba Thrive water and soilThrive water and soil pseudopods used for locomotion.pseudopods used for locomotion. Few parasitic speciesFew parasitic species

Phylum Ciliophora - Paramecium -Most complex protozoan -cilia for movement and feeding -Reproduce through binary fission and conjugation.

A Microscopic Predator – two ciliates meet for lunch Didinium sp. Paramecium sp.

Phylum Mastigophora move by flagellamove by flagella found in waterfound in water Most are parasiticMost are parasitic Ex. Trypanosoma, Giardia, LeishmaniaEx. Trypanosoma, Giardia, Leishmania Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction

Trypanosoma in Blood – causes African sleeping sickness

Giardia: the Curse of Campers = another zooflagellate

Phylum Sporozoa n No locomotion n parasitic n Ex. Plasmodium, Toxoplasma n Have a spore stage.

Plasmodium

Plantlike Protists

Plantlike Protists = ALGAE n Six divisions based on color

Phylum Chrysophyta - Diatoms Golden-brownGolden-brown Autotrophic, contain chlorophyll.Autotrophic, contain chlorophyll. Many encased in shellsMany encased in shells

Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates Fire algae-red pigments. Can contaminate shell fish. Display bioluminescence – cause red tide

Phylum Euglenophyta – Euglena Both heterotrophic and autotrophic.Both heterotrophic and autotrophic. link between plants and animalslink between plants and animals

Chlorophyta – Green Algae -Cell walls contain cellulose -Store food as starch -Contain chlorophyll a&b

Phaeophyta – Brown Algae n Multicellular – usually large n 3 parts like plants n Thallus, stipe, blade n Used to make icecream, agar

Rhodophyta – Red Algae n Used for carageenan (sugar) in cosmetics, gelatin, cheese

Two groups of Slime Molds n Cellular Slime Molds (Phylum Acrasiomycota) n Plasmodial Slime Molds (Phylum Myxomycota).

Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic, cell walls made of chitin, saprophytic or parasitic and essential as decomposers.

The Filamentous Body of a Fungus (a) Mycelium (b) Individual Hyphae (c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway) Cell Walls Septum Pore Cytoplasm Haploid Nuclei

n Zygomycota – zygote fungi n Ascomycota – sac fungi n Basidomycota – club fungi n Deuteromycota – imperfect fungi

Fungal Reproduction n Asexual –Fragmentation –Continuation of haploid cells by mitosis n Sexual –Fusion of two haploid nuclei –Diploid zygotes

Division Zygomycota = bread molds n Coenocytic = hyphae without cross walls. n Sporangia produce spores by mitosis n + and – mating strains fuse = sexual reproduction n Examples: Rhizopus, Pilobolus

Pilobolus: An Explosive Zygomycete on cow dung

Division Ascomycota = the sac fungi n Ascocarps contain asci. n reproduce asexually by spores called conidia. n Common examples are yeast, truffles, morels, Peach leaf curl and cup fungi.

Truffles

Yeasts Candida sp.

Fermentation Yeast + glucose  CO2 + Alcohol + heat energy

Division Basidiomycota = club fungi n basidiocarp contains basidia which produce spores n Examples : puffballs, mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts and smuts.

Basidia with basidiospores = club shaped

Some Basidiomycetes (a) Giant Puffball (b) Shelf Fungi

A Mushroom Ring

Corn Smut

Deuteromycetes – imperfect fungi n no known sexual reproduction n Reproduce asexually by conidiospores n Examples: athlete’s foot, ringworm, the Penicillium, thrush

Penicillium

The Nemesis of Nematodes – the nefarious noose fungus Special hypha with noose Unfortunate nematode

Symbiotic relationships n Symbiotic relationships –Lichens –Unicellular green algae –Mycorrhizae F Association between –Roots of vascular plants

Lichens: Symbiotic Partnerships Algal Layer Fungal Hyphae Attachment Structure

Mycorrhizae Enhance Plant Growth Mycorrhizae