Old World vs. New World 1) Old World: all lands in the Eastern Hemisphere (except Australia). The known world to Europeans in 1492 (Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East, Asia) 2) New World: Western Hemisphere including North America, the Caribbean, and South America. (Land unknown to the Europeans before 1492.)

Setting the Stage The colonization of the Americas by European countries resulted in the exchange of items by both hemispheres. Many people either by choice or by force migrated to the New World.

Question to Consider Exit Ticket What impact did the Columbian Exchange have on the Native Americans, Africans, Asians, and Europeans? Native Americans Europeans Africans Asians

The Columbian Exchange The global exchange of foods, plants, animals during the colonization period.  tomatoes, squash, pineapples, gold  tobacco, beans, horses, cattle Most important  corn & potatoes: nutrients Worst  Disease: led to death of millions of Native Americans

The “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough

New World Old World

Impact on Native Americans Negative: Lack of immunity to European diseases led to death of 90-95% of Native Americans Smallpox was main killer Positive: Introduced domesticated animal; such as the horse (mustang) Transportation, trade, warfare Helpful to plains tribes

Impact on Europeans Introduction of high carbohydrate foods such as corn, potatoes, and tomatoes Food surplus leads to huge population increase Negative Become dependent on limited crop strains leads to Great Famine (Ireland)

Impact on Africa What need did Columbus have of the Native Americans (Taino)? What happens 90-95% of the Native Americans? Europeans look elsewhere for their needs.. Where might they look?

Where might the Europeans get their labor and why?

Impact on Africa Africans are used as laborers (slaves) in the Americas WHY? Immune to most Old World diseases WHY? Trade Proximity Africa is fairly close in comparison to the rest of the Old World to the Americas Easy to acquire slaves

Impact on Asia Positives: Introduction of new crops Corn and Sweet Potato (most influential) Potato was easy to cultivate and provided lots of carbs and protein Led to population increase Negatives: Rubber plantations (deforestation) Bad farming techniques led to flooding led to unrest Weakened the Empire in comparison to Europe

World Population 1500-1800 Led to global population growth 425 million in 1500 545 million in 1600 610 million in 1700 720 million in 1750 900 million in 1800

Europeans arrive in the Americas Long Term Causes: God Gold Glory Immediate Causes: Europeans arrive in the Americas Europeans bring new plants, animals and diseases to the Americas Columbian Exchange Long Term Effects: Spread of products all around the world Population growth in Europe, Asia, and Africa Cultural diffusion Migration from Europe to the Americas Growth of Capitalism Immediate Effects: Native Americans die of European diseases Enslaved Africans are brought to the Americas American foods are introduced to other parts of the world

Global Economy Impact of Columbian Exchange

Treasures from the Americas!

Global Trade Increase of overseas trade  resulted in capitalism: based on private ownership and investment 2. Governments no longer sole owners of wealth 3. Merchants became very wealthy 4. Demand greater than supply  led to inflation

New Patterns of World Trade

New Colonial Rivals

Mercantilism New economic policy  a country’s power depended on its wealth 2. Two ways to accomplish mercantilism  obtain as much gold/silver as possible  have a favorable balance of trade *Sell more goods than you buy = POSITIVE BALANCE OF TRADE* 21

Example of Mercantilism