Cellular Respiration

Oxidation/Reduction What is an oxidation reaction? _________________________ What is a reduction reaction? __________________________ What is happening in a Redox reaction? ________________________________

Respiration Background What is the formula for cellular respiration? –What is being oxidized in cellular respiration? –What does glucose become once it is oxidized? –What is being reduced? –What does reduced oxygen become?

Oxidizing Agent The oxidizing agent is the recipient of the electrons and therefore is the agent responsible for the oxidation What is the oxidizing agent for cellular respiration?

Other Oxidizing Agents Other oxidizing agents are called __________________. How does this work? 1.The active site of the enzyme gives a pair of ______________ to the coenzyme in the form of 2 __________________. 2.Two _____________ and one ________________ combine with the coenzyme. This leaves a H + ion. 3.The coenzyme then carries the ________________ to another enzyme. 4.The second enzyme takes the electrons and ___________________ to the final substrate * Remember, the electrons represent energy transfer!!

One coenzyme is __________ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD + is made of 2 nucleotides –Nicotinamide monophosphate (NMP) – this end ________________________ (is easily __________) so it is the active part of the coenzyme –Adenine monophosphate- (AMP) acts as the core that most enzymes recognize ***When NAD + receives the _________________ and one proton, it becomes _______________

What is the oxidizing agent here?

How is energy transferred? It is important to see that there is a change in the covalent status of electrons as they are transferred throughout respiration

Glycolysis What does the hexokinase enzyme do?

Why would the cell invest ATP, when it is attempting to make more ATP’s?

What would the phosphofructokinase do?

So far how many ATP’s have been invested?

What does the dehydrogenase enzyme do?

What method is used here to generate ATP?

Removal of water rearranges substrate electrons and makes remaining P bond unstable What does pyruvate kinase do?

The oxidizing agent of Glycolysis What is the oxidizing agent of glycolysis? Is glycolysis anaerobic or aerobic?

So now what happens to those two pyruvic acids (pyruvate)???

Formation of Acetyl CoA

Total Energy Yield So Far: From Glycolysis: From Pyruvate - Acetyl CoA : From Krebs Cycle: Where is all of the energy?

IT IS ALL LOCKED UP IN THE NADH’S AND THE FADH 2 ’S!