The Civil War and Reconstruction 1-1:Causes of the Civil War Pro-slavery and anti- slavery settlers killing each other in Kansas

1. Sectionalism Since the establishment of the U.S. the North and the South developed different economies The South had always had an agricultural economy based on growing cash crops with slave labor By the 1830’s the North developed manufacturing based on immigrant labor, and had banned slavery The two parts of the country developing different economies based on different economic interests is known as sectionalism EFFECT?: the South needs slavery for their economy to survive, and will conflict with northerners who think slavery is evil

Above: southern economy based on agriculture (cotton) Below: northern economy based on manufacturing (textiles)

2. Compromise of 1850 The Federal (national government) had long tried to settle the slavery question: – Compromise of 1850: admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to slavery Also included the Fugitive Slave Act, which said that northerners had to assist slave catchers trying to return runaway slaves to their owners – EFFECT?: Many moderate northerners hated the law, and refused to help the slave catchers

The Fugitive Slave Law was part of the Compromise of 1850 that many northerners hated

3. Kansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act was a law that opened both territories to slavery, but gave people there the option to choose, known as popular sovereignty Because the people could choose, it caused a race between pro, and anti-slavery settlers EFFECT?:The competition between the two groups was so fierce, Kansas became known as “bleeding Kansas,” as people on both sides fought, and killed each other

Southerners thought that Kansas would be slave territory, but fought with northerners who wanted to make it a free state

4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a book that infuriated the South It was titled Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and it depicted the cruel life slaves lived, under their masters; including the breakup of families EFFECT?: Southerners criticized the book as an unfair picture of their way of life and in the North, the book caused even more people to become radical abolitionists

Harriet Beecher Stowe (above) wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and infuriated many southerners

5. Dred Scott Case In 1854 a slave named Dred Scott sued for his freedom in the Dred Scott Case: – His owner had taken him to the Wisconsin Territory, where slavery was outlawed – The Supreme Court ruled that since Scott was “property” and not a citizen, he could not sue. – The court also said that the Federal government could not regulate slavery in any U.S. territories EFFECT?: Many northerners hated this decision and became radical abolitionists

Dred Scott tried to sue for his freedom, but lost. In his case, the SCOTUS also said that the Federal government COULD NOT regulate slavery in the territories

Comprehension Check On your own sheet YOU DO NOT need to copy the question 1.List the 5 causes of the Civil War talked about in this lecture, explain what they were about, and why they led to the Civil War? (Complete sentences, paragraph form)