T HE B EATLES

M ADE UP OF J OHN L ENNON, P AUL M C C ARTNEY, G EORGE H ARRISON AND R INGO S TARR.

H OW THEY CAME ABOUT ? The Beatles were rooted in 1950’s rock and roll style. The Beatles built their fan base by playing in clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg in the 1960’s. They were moulded into a professional act by their manager “Brian Epstein” In 1967 the Beatles released their album “Sgt Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band”. The three pieces we must know are: ‘She’s leaving home’ ‘Sergeant Peppers lonely Hearts Club Band’ ‘When I’m 64’

S IXTIES S TYLE... Instruments: Guitars, Drums, electronic amplification, Techniques; guitar solos,riffs,licks. Features: There was an advance in technology, which gave more control and allowed overdubbing, multitracking,panning and flanging. Melody: Very Catchy, lyrics dealing with teen problems, more rebellious. The instruments drove the rock/pop force. This drew emotion. Form: Usual Strophic form, which is a no. of verses and a repeated chorus. It contrasted Harmonically, rythmically and melodically. Contempories include: Elvis Presley, Tom Jones, Bob Dylan, The Beach Boys, The Rolling Stones etc.

S GT P EPPERS L ONELY H EARTS C LUB B AND Rock/ Classical Style G Major 4/4 time Form: Introduction~ Verse 1~ Interlude~ Chorus~ Verse 2 Instruments : Lead guitar, Rhythmic guitar, Bass guitar, Drum kit, 4 Horns and Vocals. *F naturals (flattened 7 th ) in melodic line.

C ONTINUATION... Introduction: Opening 10 seconds.. tuning effect and audience waiting for show to begin. Standard drum beat Rising motif on lead guitar and drum fill. Verse 1: Solo Voice( Paul) Homophonic texture and panned vocals Repetition of notes, syncopation, and harmony on bass. Plagal sound of IV-I (C7-G7) Interlude: Instrumental on Horns with drums and bass guitar. Panning and reverb, audience sounds and classical counterpoint on horns. Chord Progression C, F, C, D. Chorus: 17 bars of harmonised vocals accompanied by guitar and drums. Upbeat start. Hi-Hat plays repeated quaver rhythm. Chord Progression. Arpeggios, Sustained horns and ends on dominant chord D7. Verse 2: same as verse 1 with different lyrics. Provides a two bar link on the chord of C to next song.

“S HE ’ S L EAVING H OME ” Pop/ Ballad/ Classical Style E Major 3/4 time Form: Introduction~ ABAB~ Chorus~ Coda Instruments: 4 Violins, 2 Violas, 2 Cellos, 1 Double Bass. This is called a NONET. (9 Strings) Some piano scores are arranged in E flat major and some in E major. It tells the story of a runaway teenager.

CONTINUATION.. Introduction: Panning by Harp~ with broken chord accompaniment. Verse 1: Phrase A: solo vocal and harp, interrupted by a panned cello. Phrase B: solo vocal with harp chords and sustained strings. Syncopated rhythm of quaver to crotchet on strings. Then repeats Phrase A : contrary motion on the cello downstairs feeling~~~(word painting) Phrase B: rich string sound. Chorus 1: Overdubbing(recording technique)~ two part counterpoint with strings. High pitch voice (paul) and lower pitch(john). Tonic chord used to harmonise with no harp. Harp re-enters and the Paul is more actively singing. Verse 2: Phrase A: Rising Cello arpeggio figures, Phrase B: harp chords&descending scales. Phrase A: Syncopated rythym G# (sobbing) on violin. Phrase B: no syncopated accompaniment Chorus 2: Same as Chorus 1 but more broken chords on strings. Verse 3: Richer Counterpoint, Word Painting. Chorus 3: strings play tonic chord, repeated two bar rythym. similar to 1 but upper Coda: Similar to introduction with Harp, with plagal cadence.

W HEN IM 64 Pop/Jazz/Ragtime Style C Major~A Minor 2/2 Time Form: Introduction~ Verse 1~ Bridge 1~Verse 2~ Bridge 2~Verse 3~ Coda. Instruments: Vocals, Bass Guitar, Snare Drum, Piano, 2 Clarinets, 1 Bass Clarinet, Drum Kit and Chimes. Paul wrote this song for his fathers 64 th birthday. This song has jazz and pop features.

CONTINUATION : Introduction: Bass guitar and drums played with a swing. Bass guitar and clarinet play harmonic support. 1 st clarinet plays syncopated melody with 2 nd clarinet. Bass and Snare play normal rhythm. Verse 1: ~ Solo Vocal with Clarinets, bass guitar and drums with piano at end. Panned vocals and clarinets. Syncopated Melody. Chromatic movement. Piano block crotchet chords, no drum beat, simple bass guitar. Harmony in falling 5ths and Perfect Cadence on clarinets with cymbals. Bridge 1: Solo with Backing Vocals with Piano, Clarinets, drums and bass guitar. Snare Drops out. Descending 3rds on clarinets and backing vocals. Repeated quaver Rhythm on piano, and Panned Vocals and REVERB.~ Chimes on 3 rd and 4 th beats in bar. Hi-Hat fill with clarinet motif. Verse 2: Snare fill and clarinet Motif. Bridge 2: More complicated rhythm on Cymbals, Chimes rhythm changes. Verse 3: Half a verse only, clarinet is parallel with voice. Pauls final note on 4 th beat and perfect Cadence on vocals. No Bridge. Coda: Hi-Hat Rhythm and Perfect Cadence.

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