March 2 nd, 2009 Anthony FerrignoMechanical Engineering James LukerMechanical Engineering Quang TranMechanical Engineering Philip MarinoMechanical Engineering Jerin JamesMechanical Engineering Advised by: Dr. Bradley Layton

 Introduction  Design Criteria  Frame Progress  Aeroshell Progress  Energy Analysis  Budget  Project Timeline  Societal and Environmental Impact 2

 Problem  Future rise in car prices.  Global depletion of gasoline  carbon emissions  2009 Dragon Wagon  Affordable to consumers  Promotes health  Zero Emissions

 Satisfy all ASME safety requirements for the 2009 HPVC.  Achieve a top speed of 35 mph or greater.  Accelerate from 0-35 mph in less than 16.3 seconds.  Decelerate from 35-0 mph in less than 13 meters.  Have a turning radius of less than 4.5 meters.  Accommodate two riders comfortably.  Have a total cost of under $3000

 Finalized Finite Element Analysis  Steel  Titanium  Titanium (available diameters and wall thickness)  Ordered Material  Began Construction 5

 Steel:  O.Ds: 2.5”, 1.5”  Wall thickness: 0.1”, 0.054”  Max Stress: 17,047 psi  Max Deflection (y direction): 0.05”  Weight: lbs  Safety Factor: 3.06  Titanium:  O.Ds: 2.0”, 1.5”  Wall thickness: 0.065”, 0.039”,  Max Stress: 22,169 psi  Max Deflection (y direction): 0.17”  Weight: lbs  Safety Factor: 3.21  Titanium (available):  O.Ds: 2.5”, 1.5”  Wall thickness: 0.07”, 0.054”  Max Stress: 23,502 psi  Max Deflection (y direction): 0.14”  Weight: lbs  Safety Factor:

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 Finalized computer model  ProEngineer  Finished analysis (CFD)  Fluent Flowizard  Computed drag coefficient  Material selection 9

 Inputs:  Density of air: 1.23 kg/m 3  Fluid velocity: 25 mph  Cross sectional area: 0.25 m 2  Outputs:  Pressure Distribution  Drag Force  Drag Coefficient: 10

 Case 1: Aeroshell does not cover steering system  Results: ▪ Drag Force: 7.2 N ▪ Drag Coefficient: C d =0.4  Case 2: Aeroshell extended under vehicle, covering steering system  Results: ▪ Drag Force: 6.8 N ▪ Drag Coefficient: C d =

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14 E Transportation = E Acceleration + E Drag + E Gravity E A = ∫m(t)v(t)a(t)dt E G = mg Δ h= ∫mg sinθ (t)v(t)dt (θ > 0, uphill only) E D = E INT + E WH + E AERO = ∫mF INT v(t)dt+ ∫mgC r v(t)dt+ ∫ ρ C D Av 2 (t)dt E A = ∫m(t)v(t)a(t)dt E G = mg Δ h= ∫mg sinθ (t)v(t)dt (θ > 0, uphill only) E D = E INT + E WH + E AERO = ∫mF INT v(t)dt+ ∫mgC r v(t)dt+ ∫ ρ C D Av 2 (t)dt The vehicle cases are as follows: 1.Steel Frame (Ideal Case) with Aero shell Design 1 (C d = 0.4) 2.Steel Frame (Ideal Case) with Aero shell Design 2 (C d = 0.35) 3.Titanium Frame (Available Case) with Aero shell Design 1 (C d = 0.4) 4.Titanium Frame (Available Case) with Aero shell Design 2 (C d = 0.35)

15 Case 1Case 2Case 3Case 4 E acceleration (J) E wheels (J) E drag (J) E total (J) Energy/Distance (J/m) Scenario 1 – Sprint Constant acceleration 0-35 mph 16.3 seconds Flat surface

16 Scenario 2 – Long Distance Constant velocity (a=0) 35 mph 1 mile Flat surface Case 1Case 2Case 3Case 4 E acceleration (J)0.00 E wheels (J) E drag (J) E total (J) Energy/Distance (J/m)

17 J/mWeightStrengthDeflection Totals Case Case Case Case Weight5412 Scale: 1,2,3,4,51 = least desirable5 = most desirable

18 Titanium Joe Item No. ItemPrice/UnitQty.Price 6AL-4V 0.063" x " x " Sheet $ Tubing 96" x 2.5" x 0.070" 3Al-2.5V Welded $ Tubing 60" x 2.5" x 0.070" 3Al-2.5V Welded $ Tubing 96" x 1.5" x 0.054" 3Al-2.5 Seamless $ Tubing 60" x 1.5" x 0.054" 3Al-2.5 Seamless $ AL-4V 0.093" Diameter Filler Rods $ FiberglassSupply.com Item No. ItemPrice/UnitQty.Price C Style 112, 2.1 oz/yd^2, plain weave fabric$4.9310$49.30 E General Purpose Resin$34.862$69.72 N #306B Mold Sealer$ Additional Materials Item No. ItemPrice/UnitQty.Price Zote Foam$ $98.25 TOTAL COST: $1,523.08

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 Societal  Consumer costs for an automobile will decrease  Time Conservation ▪ Commuting Time ▪ Decrease in traffic congestion  Physical Fitness ▪ Heart disease ▪ Moderate exercise everyday 20

 Environmental  Reduction of Carbon emissions ▪ The average passenger car emits 11,450 pounds of carbon dioxide per year everyday ▪ A conventional car engine produces carbon dioxide and other green house gasses.  Decrease Consumption of Fossil Fuel ▪ Supply of fossil fuels will become scarce in the next 40 years. 21

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