The-ing Form(2)--- used as Subject, Object and Predicative Subject In mangy countries, shaking one’s head means “no” and nodding means “yes”. Object We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language. Predicative Away of saying “I am hungry” is patting the stomach before a meal. Grammar

1. 作主语应注意的问题 （ 1 ） v.–ing 作主语时，谓语动词应用单数。 e.g. Writing headlines in English is not an easy job. Reading widely is very useful in leaning English.

(2) v.–ing 作主语时，可用于 There be 句型 结构。 句型： There is no  v-ing （ …… 是不可 能的）  It is impossible to …  No one can…(or We cannot…) e.g. There is no knowing what the weather will be like. There is no joking about such matters.

(3) 某些 v.–ing 形式作主语时，可使用 It 形式 主语 句型： It is no use/good  v-ing. e.g. It is no use quarrelling with her. It is no good crying. 翻译： 1 ）说谎是没有好处的。 2 ）覆水难收。 It is no good being a liar. It is no use crying over spilt water.

(4) v.–ing 形式作主语表示一般或抽象的多次 性的动作；不定式作主语往往表示具体的或 一次性的动作。 e.g.  Playing with fire is very dangerous.( 泛指 玩火 )  To play with fire in the forest is very dangerous. （指一具体的动作）  His hobby is painting.  In summer what he wants to do is to paint.

2. 作宾语应注意的问题 advise, admit, avoid, allow, resist( 抵抗 ), escape, risk( 冒险 ), forgive( 原谅 ), suggest, consider( 考虑 ), imagine( 想象 ), understand, delay( 耽误 ), mind, appreciate, enjoy, keep, can’t help, cannot stand( 不能忍受 ) ， excuse, miss( 错过 ), put off( 推迟 ), finish, practise, give up( 放弃 ), deny( 否认 ), prevent( 阻止 ), insist on( 坚持 ), look forward to, be worth, be succeed in, feel like, devote … to( 把 …… 贡献 ), set about( 动手去做 ), spend … in, 等等 (1) 只能用动名词作宾语的动词和词组：

（ 2 ）既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语的 动词，且意思区别不大的有： （ 3 ）既可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语的动 词，且意思区别较大的有： like, love, start, begin, continue, prefer, hate, 等  remember doing sth. （记得做了某事） remember to do sth. （记住去做某事）  forget doing sth. （忘记做过某事） forget to do sth. （忘记去做某事）

 stop doing sth. （停止做某事） stop to do sth. （停下来去做某事）  try doing sth. （试着做某事） try to do sth. （尽力去做某事）  regret doing sth. （后悔做过某事） regret to do sth. （对要做的事表示抱歉）  mean doing sth. （意味着做） mean to do sth. （意欲 / 打算去做）

 go on doing sth. （继续做同一件事） go on to do sth. （接着做另一件事）  be used to doing sth. （习惯于做某事） be used to do sth. （被用来做某事）  learn doing ( 学习 ) learn to do ( 学会了 )

她虽然才七岁，但是她很会溜冰。 她学溜冰五年了。 e.g. Although she is only seven, she has learned to skate skillfully. She has been learning skating for five years.

作表语 （ 1 ）动名词 My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs. =Laying eggs is her full-time job. （ 2 ）现在分词 The play is exciting. ≠ Exciting is the play. The story he told us was very interesting. ≠Interesting was the story he told us.

Exx. 1. I cannot understand _____ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up 2.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _____ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 3. She looked forward every spring to _____ the flower- lined garden. (1995 上海 ) AA. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 4. She can’t help _____ the house because she’s busy making a cake. (1997 上海 ) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned

5. I know you like _____. Would you like _____ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimming C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming 6. — What do you think of the book? — Oh, excellent. It’s worth _____ a second time. A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read “What has made you so upset?” --- “________ my new bike.” A.Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing

8. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon. A.you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you’re calling 9. How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 10. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot _____.” A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off

11. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set ____ when I got home. A.lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing 12. On hearing the ____ news, I was too ____ to sleep. A. exciting ; excited B. excited ; exciting C. exciting ; exciting D. excited ; excited 13 ． ____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A.Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 1.

14. It happened ______ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped. A. to be rainingB. to have raine C. to rain D. raining 15. “I must apologize for _____ ahead of time.” “That’s all right.” A.letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 16.What worried the child most was _____ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed

You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I regret _____ that. (95) A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done