Chapter 7: Balancing Nationalism and Sectionalism

7.1: Regional Economies Create Differences  Chart of Industrial Revolution

10/7/15: Bell Ringer  Of the five aspects of the Industrial Revolution that you researched yesterday, explain in a 3-5 sentence explanation as to which you believe had the biggest impact during this time period.  Use examples from notes/research.

7.2: Nationalism at Center Stage  Nationalism exerts strong influence in courts, foreign policy and westward expansion in the early 1800’s.  Courts:  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  Maryland levied a heavy tax on Bank of the United States (hoping for it to fail)  Chief Justice Marshall denied the right of Maryland to tax the bank  Declared Bank of the United States Constitutional  Foreign Policy:  Adam-Onis Treaty: Spain gave Florida to the US and also gave up all claims to land in the Oregon Territory.  Monroe Doctrine: President Monroe warned all outside powers not to interfere with the Western Hemisphere (specifically North America). In return, United States would stay out of any European affairs

 Westward Expansion:  Territory reaches 60,000 people in territory, territory could petition to enter union  free states, 10 slave states  1819 Missouri applies (conflict over slave/free state)  Alabama becomes slave (11), Illinois free state (11)  Henry Clay/Congress manage issue by series of agreements called Missouri Compromise.  Maine admitted free state  Missouri admitted slave state  Louisiana Purchase territory split (36 30 latitude)  North no slavery  South slavery

Which side are you on?  Missouri Compromise a good idea?  1.  2.  Missouri Compromise a bad idea?  1.  2.

10/8/15: Bell Ringer  From what you know about the Missouri Compromise and the controversy that preceded it, do you think the new spirit of nationalism in the United States was strong or fragile? Support your position.

7.3: The Age of Jackson  Andrew Jackson (Democrat Republican) became 7 th president  Supported by Jacksonians 1. He appealed to common people 2. He cut 10% of federal jobs 3. Filled his friends into Federal jobs- became his cabinet (spoils system)

Removal of Natives  Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, and Chickasaw “five civilized tribes” occupied Georgia, North/South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee.  Jackson did not support assimilation of Natives  Congress passes Indian Removal Act of 1830 (Government funded negotiation of treaties to force Native Americans to move west).  Cherokee Nation fought in Supreme Court act was unconstitutional.. Chief Justice Marshall rules in their favor, Jackson ignores decision  Treaty of New Echota- 8 million acres for 5 million dollars  1838 (Martin Van Buren president) forces rest of 20,000 Cherokee natives West (Trail of Tears)

Trail of Tears  October 1838 Cherokee sent in groups of 1,000 begin 800 mile trip West known as Trail of Tears  Along way, many died, government officials stole their money, outlaws stole their livestock.

1.Who is the cartoon showing? Why do you believe they are comparing him to a King? 2.What does this cartoon suggest about his attitude towards the Constitution/Government? 3.How cartoon specifically comment on his use of his presidential power?

7.4: States’ Rights and the National Bank  War of Britain flooding U.S. markets with inexpensive goods- Tariff of 1816  Jackson’s VP (John C. Calhoun) calls it “Tariff of Abominations” –disgusting tariff  Tariff of 1816 hurts farmers in South who are forced to buy expensive goods from North. North getting rich off tariff  Tariff questioned by states (South Carolina) as being unconstitutional. States rights being questioned.  Jackson: “ Our union, it must be preserved.”  1832 South Carolina finds law unconstitutional, refuses to pass. Jackson furious- called acts “treasonous.”  Henry Clay comes up with compromise to lower tax over the next 10 years, Issues resolved between states and Federal Government for time being.

The National Bank and Pet Banks  1832 Andrew Jackson veto's bill to recharter the Bank of the United States (BUS)  Jackson believes BUS was a “privileged institution.”  All federal tax revenues were deposited in BUS, rather than state or private banks  BUS stockholders earned interest from deposits (not American taxpayers)  President of BUS extended loans to congressmen at a much lower rate  1832 Jackson/Van Buren- appointed secretary of treasury who put all government funds in certain banks “pet banks” of Democratic Party  1836 charter expires on Second National Bank  Jackson angered many people (Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster) formed Whig Party in 1834  Supported federal money to construct roads and canals  Federal control of banking system and currency

Van Buren Deals with Jackson’s Legacy  Martin Van Buren (Democrat) wins election 1836 (supported by Jackson). Whig Party had three candidates, easy win for Van Buren.  Issues to deal with:  Pet Banks- not enough silver/gold to support money issued  Panic of Banks closing/collapse of the credit system (savings lost, bankrupt business, 1/3 out of work)  Van Buren up for reelection against William Henry Harrison (Whig Party- war hero)  Harrison wins- dies one month into office of pneumonia  John Tyler (VP) becomes president.  Opposed many Whig programs  On ballot to win Southern votes

 HOMEWORK: THINK ABOUT!  Why did the U.S. Government pass the Indian Removal Act? Were they trying to protect the Native Americans, or were they just trying to get them out of the way?