Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte to the Congress of Vienna

Basics #5 Napoleon Vocabulary CSS 10.2  Napoleonic Code – Napoleon’s reform of the laws which embodied the Enlightenment principles such as the equality of all citizens before the law and religious toleration  Annex – to take over a neighboring country and make it part of your own country  Continental System – Napoleon’s economic war with Britain which closed European ports to British goods  Scorched-Earth System – Russia’s practice of burning farms and villages as they retreated from Napoleon’s Army, leaving the French Army without sufficient food

Abdicate – step down from power Congress of Vienna – diplomats and political leaders from European countries who met from Sept June 1815 to create a lasting peace in Europe by balancing power with new nations borders which would minimize France’s ability to expand again Ideology – systems of thought or belief Autonomy – self-rule, the right of an ethnicity group to rule themselves and not be part of an Empire

Basics #5 Latin American Revolutions Vocabulary CSS 10.2 Radicals – those who favor extreme change Recession – a period of reduced economic activity Peninsulare – members of the highest social class in Latin America, Spanish-born Creole – Latin Americans descended from Europeans Mestizo – people of Native American & European descent Mulatto – people of African and European decent

 Simon Bolivar – creole inspired by Enlightenment ideas in Europe to bring revolution to Latin American countries  Toussaint L’Ouverture – self-educated, former slave who led a successful slave revolt against the French in Haiti ( ) and inspired Haiti to declare independence  Father Miguel Hidalgo – a creole priest in Mexico, whose speech “el Grito de Delores” inspired the Mexican Revolution against Spain

Basics 4 Questions 1. What were the Napoleonic Codes? 2. What were the three mistakes of Napoleon? 3. How did Napoleon gain power? 4. Who was Simon Bolivar?

Napoleon a Rising Star  1795-At 25 –hero of the Republic of France  1796-At 26 –“the General” victories enemy forces  1799-At 30 –control of France’s Military –coup d’etat (blow of state) Used his troops and influence to take over the government of France

A leader at last…  Coup led to a victory over anti-French powers –Britain, Austria and Russia  vote of the people –all real power given to Napoleon vote overwhelmingly in favor of Napoleon

Stability and Order  Napoleon wanted –Strong central government –Strong Economy 1.Equality in Taxation 2.Effective tax-collection 3.National Bank –End of Corruption

Napoleonic Code  Code of Laws –Would end many injustices –promoted order  But… –Women lost many rights –Freedom of Press and Speech limited –Restored slavery

Emperor  Napoleon crowns himself

The BIG mistakes  Napoleon attacks the only rival left on the mainland of Europe-Continental System  Attacking Russia in the winter  Fighting in Spain

What happens after?  Napoleon withdrawals his army –600,000 to start –28,000 at the end of the attack!!  Napoleon –Leaves his army –Attempts to rebuild in France –Other European powers unite to defeat him in 1813

Exile—Return—Exile  Why not just kill him? –Exiled to the small island of Elba (Italy)  Napoleon escapes and for 100 days returns to be Emperor of France but is defeated at Waterloo (1815)

 Re-exiled to St. Helena (South Atlantic)  Died in 1821 of a stomach ailment

Peace—Congress of Vienna  The five “great” powers of Europe –Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain and France (under a new King) –How to deal with Europe after Napoleon’s Empire is dismantled?

The two big goals: 1. Return the royal families to their rightful thrones –Any democratic movement was a threat! 2. Prevent another war—Balance of Power –If one power attacks another the rest will join against the attacker