Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12):889-903. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00002.

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Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / The Markov model.The square node at the left represents the decision to screen or not to screen for HIV. The patient's health thereafter is simulated by a Markov model shown on the right. Patients may enter the model with prevalent HIV infection (asymptomatic or symptomatic HIV or AIDS) or they may not be infected. Each month, patients who are not infected are at risk for HIV infection. Patients who have asymptomatic disease may progress to symptomatic HIV or remain in the asymptomatic health state. Patients who have symptomatic HIV infection may progress to an AIDS-defining condition or remain with symptomatic HIV. Patients with AIDS may either die of infection or remain with AIDS. Each month, all patients may be identified either through a voluntary screening program in the HIV screening group or through symptom-based case findings in the symptomatic HIV and AIDS health states in both the HIV screening group and the no-screening group. Throughout the patients' lifetime, all patients are at risk for non–HIV-related death. Health states are further characterized by viral load level, CD4 count, and antiretroviral treatment history (not shown). HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / Effect of early identification of HIV infection on life expectancy.The solid line represents the effect on undiscounted life expectancy and the dotted line represents the effect on undiscounted quality-adjusted life expectancy of identifying asymptomatic HIV infection compared with symptom-based case findings. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / Incremental cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in patients older than age 55 years who receive traditional counseling. QALY = quality-adjusted life-year. Top. Patients with a sexual partner at risk. Bottom. Patients without a partner at risk. Each part represents the incremental cost-effectiveness of HIV screening (assuming implementation of traditional counseling) compared with current practice for patients of varying ages with differing underlying prevalence of unidentified HIV. The dashed-and-dotted line indicates a cost-effectiveness threshold of $ and $ per QALY. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / Incremental cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in patients older than age 55 years who receive streamlined counseling. QALY = quality-adjusted life-year. Top. Patients with a sexual partner at risk. Bottom. Patients without a partner at risk. Each part represents the incremental cost-effectiveness of HIV screening (assuming implementation of streamlined counseling) compared with current practice for patients of varying ages with differing underlying prevalence of unidentified HIV. The dashed-and-dotted line indicates a cost-effectiveness threshold of $ and $ per QALY. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / Effect of screening frequency on the incremental cost-effectiveness of screening at various HIV incidence rates.The solid line marked with solid circles represents the baseline incidence, the dotted line marked with solid squares represents the cost-effectiveness of recurrent screening when the incidence of HIV is twice the baseline rate, and the dashed line marked with solid triangles represents the cost-effectiveness of recurrent screening when the incidence of HIV is 3 times the baseline rate. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve of HIV screening, assuming traditional counseling. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

Date of download: 5/31/2016 From: Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Screening in Patients Older than 55 Years of Age Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(12): doi: / Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve of HIV screening, assuming streamlined counseling. Figure Legend: Copyright © American College of Physicians. All rights reserved.American College of Physicians

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