 Species do not live alone!  Community – group of various organisms that live in the same place and interact.  Ecosystems – the group of interacting organisms in the same place along with all of the living and non-living factors.

 Abiotic – non- living  Biotic – living

 Habitat - where an organism lives. ◦ What’s yours ◦ What about a fish  Can they be different

 The variety of organisms in a community.  The more types of organisms the higher the biodiversity.  Which has more rainforest or dessert?

 The replacement of one community by another at a single place over a period of time.  Volcano example: ◦ Pioneer species – first one there ◦ An ecosystem responds to change in such a way that the ecosystem is restored to equilibrium.

 Climate – define  Biome – define  Two key factors of climate that determine biomes are temperature and precipitation.

 Producer – photosynthetic/autotrophic organisms  Consumer – eat other organisms  Decomposers – break down the remains of animals  In an ecosystem energy flows from the sun to producers to consumers to decomposers  Each step in the transfer of energy through an ecosystem is called a trophic level.

 Herbivore  Carnivore  Omnivore  Food web vs. food chain

 Energy is stored at each link in a food web. But some energy that is used dissipates as heat into the environment and is not recycled.  Only about 10% of the energy makes it to the next trophic level. 90% of it is lost as heat.

 Page 89

 Water cycle continuously moves water between the atmosphere, the land and the oceans.  Percolates  condensation  Precipitation  evaporation  Transpiration  Assign a number to each in the order they occur

 Draw, label and explain ◦ A food web (list trophic levels and explain the 90% rule) ◦ The water cycle and explain all phases with definitions

 Give an example of these and explain why you chose your example: ◦ Biotic ◦ Abiotic ◦ Herbivore ◦ Omnivore ◦ Carnivore ◦ Producer ◦ consumer

 Animals, plants and other photosynthesizing organisms play an important role in cycling carbon and oxygen through an ecosystem.  Carbon cycle  Respiration  Discuss cycle on pg 91

 Phosphorus is an important part of ATP and DNA and must be cycled in order for an ecosystem to support life.  This is the movement of phosphorus in different chemical forms from surroundings to organisms then back to surroundings.

 Nitrogen must be cycled through an ecosystem so that the nitrogen is available for organisms to make proteins.  Draw, label and EXPLAIN all parts of the Nitrogen cycle

 A group of organisms of the same species that live together in one place.  Understanding population growth is important because populations of different species interact and affect one another, including human populations.

 Immigration – movement into a population  Emigration- movement out of a population  Exponential growth – populations increase by a certain factor  Logistic growth – (define these terms) ◦ Density dependent ◦ Density independent ◦ Carrying capacitiy

 Predator vs. Prey  Complete a doodle def for the following terms: ◦ Parasitism ◦ Herbivory

 Symbiosis is a relationship in which two species live in close association with each other.  Define : ◦ mutualism ◦ Commensalism

 Niche – unique position occupied by a species both physically and trophically. ◦ Fundamental vs. realized niche  Define: ◦ Keystone species a ◦ Competitive exclusion

 Renewable resource – natural resources that can be replaced at the same rate at which they are consumed.  Nonrenewable resource – resources that form at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which they are consumed ◦ Ex: fossil fuels

 Draw, label and explain a food web with these terms:  Mutualism  Parasitism  Herbivory  Commensalim  Producer  Consumer  Decomposer  Predator  Prey  biotic  Aboiotic  Carnivore  omnivore

 Conservation and restoration – 1  Reduce resource use – 2  Technology – 3  Environmental awareness – 4  Planning for the future – 5

 Know ALL vocabulary for chapters 4 and 5.  Compare and contrast food webs and food chains.  Draw, label and explain an energy pyramid and the 10% rule.  Explain the steps of the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.  Explain the difference and give examples of density dependent factors and density independent factors.  Compare and contrast realized niche and fundamental niche.  List and explain the 5 environmental solutions.