Skeletal System Diseases and Disorders By 2 nd Block

 Arthritis- a group of diseases involving inflammation of the joints  There are 2 main types of arthritis diseases: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis

 The most common form of arthritis, is a chronic disease that usually occurs as a result of aging.  It frequently affects the hips and knees.  Symptoms include: joint pain, stiffness, aching, and limited range of motion.  Although there is no cure, rest, applications of heat and cold, aspirin and anti-inflammatory meds, injections of steroids into the joints, and special exercises and used to relieve the symptoms.

 This disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the connective tissues and joints.  It is three times more common in women than men and onset often occurs between the ages of 35 and 45.  It can cause scar tissue formation and atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, which results in permanent deformity and immobility.

 Reduces pain and limits damage to joints.  Rest, prescribed exercise, anti- inflammatory meds, such as aspirin, and careful use of steroids.  Surgery, or arthroplasty, to replace joints

Bursitis, Dislocation, and Sprains By: Taylor and Danielle

Bursitis What IS Bursitis? Bursitis is the inflammation of the Bursae, which are small fluid filled sacs surrounding joints. It frequently affects the shoulders, elbows, hips or knees. Symptoms- Severe pain, limited movement,and fluid accumulation in the joint. Treatment - Administering pain meds, infecting steroids and anesthetics into the affected joints, rest, aspirating ( withdrawing fluid with a needle) the joint and physical therapy to preserve joint motion.

Dislocation A dislocation is when a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint. After the dislocation is reduced ( the bone is replaced in the joint), the dislocation is immobilized by a cast or splint.

Sprain A Sprain is when twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint. Wrists and ankle are common sites. Symptoms include: Pain, swelling, discoloration and limited movement. Treatments- rest, elevation, immobilization with an elastic bandage or splint, and/ cold applications

Fractures

 Bone vent and splits causing a crack or incomplete break; common in children. Greensick

 Complete break of the bone with no damage to the skin. Simple or closed

 Bone breaks and ruptures trough the skin; creates an increased chance of infection. Compound or open

 Broken bone ends jam into each other. Impacted

 Bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces. Comminuted

 Bone twists, resulting in one or more breaks; common in skiing and skating accidents. Spiral

 A broken piece of skull bone moves inward; common with severe head injuries. Depressed

 Breaking and dislocation of the distal radius that causes a characteristic bulge at the wrist; caused by falling on an outstretched hand. Colles

 Reduction- when the bone is placed back into alignment to heal itself.  Closed reduction is non surgical repair of the bone with the use of traction and applying casts or splints to maintain the position until the fracture heals.  Open reduction involves surgical repair of the bone so that the fracture can heal. Reduction

Osteomyelitis  Osteomyelitis is a bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism.  Causes an abscess within the bone and pus in the medullary cavity  Symptoms include pain at the site, swelling, chills, and fever.  Antibiotics are used to treat the infection

Osteoporosis  Osteoporosis is increased porosity or softening of the bones caused by hormone deficiency, prolonged lack of calcium in the diet, and sedentary lifestyle.  Bone density test help detect and prevent for osteoporosis.  The loss of calcium and phosphate from the bones cause them to become brittle and prone to fracture.  Treatments include increased intake of calcium and vitamin D, medications such Fosamax and Citracel to increase bone mass, exercise and/ or estrogen replacement.

By: Jenna Miller & Lane Oxner

* Intervertable disk- pad of cartilage separating the vertebrae. * A ruptured disk is also known as Herniated or Slipped disk. * The most common site for a ruptured disk is at the lumbar sacral. * Though they can occur anywhere on the spinal column.

* Sever pain * Muscle spasm * Impaired movement/ numbness * Pain, anti-imflammatory, muscle relaxant medications can be used initialy. * Other treatments include: rest, traction, and physical therapy. * Laminectomy * Spinal fusion

Spinal Curvatures by Elena and Victoria

What are Spinal Curvatures?  Spinal curvatures are abnormal curvatures of the spinal column. They include kyphosis, scoliosis, and lordosis.

Kyphosis  Excessive outward curvature of the spine, also known as “Hunchback.”  Age related – usually occurs after osteoporosis.

Scoliosis  Abnormal lateral curvatures of the spine.  Treatment – Based on the severity of the curve and chances of curve getting worse.  3 main categories: Observational, brace, and surgical.  Neuromuscular – caused by abnormal development of the bones in the spine.  Idiopathic - types of this differ with age. (Infantile, juvenile, adolescent.)

Scoliosis This is an example of Idiopathic Juvenile scoliosis.

Lordosis  Excessive inward curvature of the spine.  Causes and treatment – When the natural arch in the lower back, or lumbar region. Often occurs in childhood without any known causes; poor posture, obesity, discitis. Treatment options include medication to reduce swelling, physical therapy, yoga, weight loss, etc.