1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders 7.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems Fractures Skeletal Diseases and Disorders Muscular Diseases and Disorders

2. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders 7.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems Fractures Closed fracture Simple fracture Open fracture Complex fracture Greenstick fracture Comminuted fracture Colles’ fracture Complicated fracture Impacted fracture Compression fracture Spiral fracture

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fracture Bone is NOT sticking through the skin. Closed Fracture – no skin wound What type of fracture is this?

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fracture Bone is NOT sticking through the skin. Simple Fracture – fracture without rupture or ligaments & skin What type of fracture is this?

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Open Fracture – fracture with wound; bone protrudes through the skin

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Displaced Fracture

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Displaced Fracture – bone not in alignment

8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Complex Fracture A separation of part of the bone and usually requires surgery Complicated Fracture Fracture in which the bone is broken and has injured some internal organ (ie: broken rib punctures the lung) Impacted Fracture When the bone is broken and driven into another (facial fractures) Compressed Fracture Break in one or more vertebrae caused by compressing or squeezing of the space between the vertebrae

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Greenstick Fracture – bone is partially bent and partially broken

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Comminuted Fracture – bone is broken and splintered into pieces

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Colles’ Fracture – break in the lower end of the radius

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fracture Compressed Fracture What type of fracture is this?

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Spiral Fracture – bone broken due to a twisting motion

14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fractures

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fractures

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fractures - ORIF

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fractures – External Fixator

18. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fractures – External Fixator

19. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Fractures – External Fixator

20. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Hip Fracture Signs and Symptoms of Hip Fracture Hip pain Shortening of the leg Knee pain Inability to walk Pain with standing Treatment Medications Surgical repair Calcium & Vitamin D Bisphosphonate Medication

21. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Hip Surgery/Replacement Interventions Ambulation Do not bend the hip beyond 90˚ Do not cross allow the patient to cross their legs or put their knees together Use a pillow between the patient’s legs to keep them in proper position (Abductor pillow) Do not rotate the leg inward Wear TEDS Watch out for signs and symptoms of infection

22. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Hip Replacement

23. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Scoliosis Curvatures of the Spine: Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis

24. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders 7.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems Skeletal Diseases and Disorders Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis Arthritis Sprain Herniated disc Carpal tunnel syndrome

25. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Osteoporosis

26. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Osteoporosis Symptoms: Can lead to easily broken bones Treatment: Take Calcium & Vitamin D What are foods high in Ca++? Increase weight-bearing exercises Bone density test

27. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Osteomyelitis Symptoms: Pain TEMPC Treatment: (important to stop bone destruction) IV antibiotics

28. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Osteomyelitis

29. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Arthritis

30. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Rheumatoid Arthritis - systemic affecting connective tissue Symptoms: Pain in the joints Stiffness Aching Limited ROM Treatment for Arthritis: Rest Pain relief Steroids Anti-inflammatory meds Surgery Joint replacement

31. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms: Weakness & numbness in the hand, wrist, or elbow Treatment: Splints Medication Change in work habits Surgery

32. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders 7.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems Muscular Diseases and Disorders Strain Fibromyalgia Bursitis Dislocation Muscular dystrophy

33. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Bursitis – inflammation of the joint cushion The bursa is a sac of clear fluid and part of a joint that allows the tendons to move more easily over and between the bones and the joint.

34. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Dislocation

35. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders Dislocation

36. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders 7.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems What type of fracture is also known as a hairline fracture?

37. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders 7.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal and Muscular Systems A simple fracture. What type of fracture is also known as a hairline fracture?

38. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.Chapter 7 Diseases and Disorders RICE