The Enlightenment Thinkers believed that human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason to issues of law and government. Ideas influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence.
The Enlightenment Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world Stimulated religious tolerance Fueled democratic revolutions around the world
Thomas Hobbes Leviathan- The state must have central authority to manage behavior
John Locke Two Treatises on Government- People are sovereign; monarchs are not chose by God
Montesquieu The Spirit of Laws- The best form of government includes a separation of powers
Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract- Government is a contract between rulers and the people.
Voltaire Candide Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state
Influence of the Enlightenment Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment Ideas
Cultural and Technological Changes From the 1500s- 1800s
Effects of Enlightenment on Culture Painting depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and living people (portraits). Classicism- Style and attitudes derived from the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome during the 16 th -18th century Romanticism- Artistic movement of the early 1800s century emphasizing individuality and emotion Eugene Delacroix- A French painter most famous for his painting, Liberty Leading the People Realism- Artistic and literary style of the mid 1800s that pictured the realities of everyday life Impressionism- Artistic style of the late 1800s in which painters tried to capture quick impressions and the effects of light Claude Monet- A famous French painter, some of his paintings is titled La Promenade, Madame Monet and Her Son Vincent Van Gogh- A Dutch painter tried to be a minister but failed one of his paintings is titled Starry Night
Music Transitioned into being more then just for religious service, the opera, dancing becomes an art Musicians Johann Sebastian Bach - A famous baroque German composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- A famous Classical Austrian composer Change in Style of Music Romanticism: Fused music with imaginative literature, creating operas, dramas set to music, and lieder (poems set to music) Ludwig Van Beethoven - A German Composer
Philosophy and Literature Miguel de Cervantes - A Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote, emphasizes that ideals of medieval chivalry were no longer realistic Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) – A French author famous for writing the Candide, challenged the notion that everything that happens is for the best, separation of the church and state Wanted to clarify and illuminate both the natural world and the study of human behavior, not held back by tradition Writers and Philosophers
Effects on Technology
Quiz: Culture and Technology 1. Who was an artist from the classical period? 2. Who was an artist from the romantic period? 3. Who was an artist from the impressionist period? 4. Name one classical composer and one romantic composer. 5. Who wrote Don Quixote? 6. Who wrote about separation of church and state? 7. Name one technological improvement from this time period. 1.Leonardo or Michelangelo 2.Eugene Delacroix 3.Monet or Van Gogh 4.Bach, Mozart, or Handel and Beethoven 5.Miguel de Cervantes 6.Voltaire 7.New roads, ships and farm tools
Chateau Versailles (Palace of Versailles)
Marble Courtyard
Royal Chapel
Huge door in the Drawing Room
Hall of Mirrors
King’s Bed Chamber
Garden
Design Your Own Palace Design your own palace based on the ideas used in the Palace of Versailles Things to identify: Would it be located close to a major city or capital? Or, far away? What features would you include? Would the public be allowed to get inside? What would it say about you as a King or Queen?