Green jobs policy instruments and approaches

Research Relevance to Policy Jobs, Economic Growth, Poverty, Productivity, Eco. Diversification, Import Substitution, Trade, Youth, Gender... Research questions, approaches and methodologies Policy Questions and Issues Informing policy formulation >>> setting policy goals and targets Supporting policy implementation >>> comparing options and costs to achieve policy goals and targets (e.g. Optimisation models) Setting assumptions Links to policy / development objectives Technical training of decision makers Researcher – Policy maker interface

I. Macroeconomic Policies  Macroeconomic policies: Redirecting consumption and investment through price signals and incentives for enterprises, consumers and investors: Taxation (shifting taxation from labour to pollution and resource- intensive sectors) Price guarantees (e.g. renewable energy “feed-in tariffs” applied in over 70 countries) Subsidies (over 1% of global GDP going to subsidies for energy, agriculture, water, and fisheries per year) Finance and public investment to crowd in private investment (China 12 th FYP includes $468 bn for waste recycling and reutilization; clean technologies; and renewable energy)

II. Sectoral Policies  Sectoral policies for key economic sectors (Agriculture, Construction, Energy, ….) or specific groups of enterprises, in particular SMEs.  Environmental regulation as well as mandates such as: Share of renewable energy in power supply (e.g targets) Average energy consumption thresholds for car fleets (“best performer” in Japan) Bio-diversity set-asides in agriculture and forestry.

III. Social and Labour Policies  Employment and labour market policies (e.g. Active labour market policies: job-search assistance, job counselling, training and improved labour market information – targeting opportunities in green sectors; public works programmes)  Strengthening social protection: in areas prone to natural disasters and areas with emission intensive sectors  Vocational training and skills development (skills building an upgrading)  Entrepreneurship development policies: Targeting green jobs and workers/enterprises in emission intensive sectors  Greening workplaces: Greener enterprises often increase productivity  Social dialogue: a means to generate relevant and realistic policies

Making links with existing policy frameworks and plans Need to integrate and mainstream policies for green jobs into:  National development plans  Climate change strategies  Socio-economic policies (e.g. National Employment Policies)  Local Economic Development (LED) plans  One UN and ILO Decent Work Country Programmes  Other..

Questions: In your country:  What are the 3 policies that are most relevant in your country?  What could be areas for new green policy initiatives? 7

Group Work  Read the case study (2 page)  Discuss the 5 priority areas for green jobs strategies  Identify the policies that can support these  Bear in mind the need to address poverty and improve social inclusion 8