The Six Kingdoms http://www.ric.edu/faculty/ptiskus/Six_Kingdoms/Index.htm

The History of Classification In the 1700’s, Linnaeus separated all life into 2 Kingdoms: Plants and Animals. More kingdoms added as knowledge of the diversity of organisms increased. First Classification is Domain Then we have 6 Kingdoms. Each broken up into their own groups

Domain 3 Domains: consisting of the following 1. Bacteria: contains only the Kingdom: Eubacteria 2. Archaea: contains only the Kingdom: Archaebacteria 3. Eukarya: contains the rest of the Kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Six Kingdoms in Taxonomy organized according to type of cells, How to obtain energy(ability to make food), number of cells in body Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plantae Animalia

Archaebacteria Major Characteristics: -unicellular prokaryotes Reproduce asexually They cannot live where there is oxygen They are the oldest organisms on earth 4. existed before dinosaurs 5. live in extreme environments -hot springs -acidic environment -methane -unicellular prokaryotes -some autotrophs: uses chemicals

Extreme Environments Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents under conditions with no oxygen or highly acid environments.  

Eubacteria Chemical makeup is different from that of archaebacteria. -unicellular prokaryote - heterotrophs Major Characteristics They live everywhere They reproduce asexually by binary fission Most are helpful, a few are pathogenic (make us sick)

Protists -“odds and ends” kingdom because its organisms are pretty different from one another -most unicellular, some multicellular -eukaryotes -some autotrophs, some heterotrophs Major Characteristics: Reproduce asexually by binary fission Also reproduce sexually The first eukaryotes on earth

Protozoa

Fungi -mushrooms, mold, and mildew -most are multicellular, some (like yeast) are unicellular -eukaryotes -all are heterotrophs Major Characteristics: They reproduce sexually They make spores which contain baby fungi They have root-like structures called hyphae that absorb food -eat dead or decaying organisms

FUNGI

Plantae -all plants are multicellular -all are eukaryotes -plants are autotrophs Major Characteristics: CELL WALLS MADE OUT OF CELLULOSE THEY ARE GREEN, THEIR CELLS CONTAIN CHLOROPLASTS WITH CHLOROPHYLL THEY REPRODUCE SEXUALLY THEY PRODUCE SPORES OR SEEDS MALE PLANTS PRODUCE POLLEN FEMALE PLANTS PRODUCE FRUIT

Animalia -all are multicellular Charteristics -all are eukaryotes -all are heterotrophs Animals have complex bodies Animals have symmetry Animals have organs and tissues

Terminology Getting food autotrophs – make own food hetertrophs – get food from other sources Type of cells prokaryotic – no nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA is circular (plasmid), do contain ribosomes, smaller eukaryotic – with a nucleus and organelles, DNA in chromosomes, larger

Terminology Continued Body type unicellular – made of only one cell multicellular – made of more than one cell; -have cells with special functions Reproduction sexual – need male and female parents asexual – need only one parent

The Six Kingdoms Review Eubacteria- “true” bacteria (prokaryotic) Archaebacteria – “ancient” bacteria (prokaryotic” Protista – WEIRD organisms!!!! (eukaryotic) Fungi – digest dead or decaying matter (eukaryotic) Plantae - stationary, photosynthetic (eukaryotic) Animalia – mobile heterotrophs (eukaryotic)