Objective 2: Geographic Influences TAKS Success Camp 8 th Grade American History Coach Vega

Reading Graphs Which ethnic group made up the majority of American colonists? Which ethnic group made up the majority of American colonists? What percentage of colonists were not from Europe? What percentage of colonists were not from Europe? Ethnic Distribution of American Colonies

Interpreting Charts What title would you give this chart? What are imports? What conclusion can you make about American imports? Colony/RegionExportsImportsExportsImports New England New York Pennsylvania Virginia and Maryland

Colonial America

Colonial Geography and Economics New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Cold, rocky, seacoasts, forests Warm, hilly, seacoasts, valleys Hot, humid, flat, rich soils Lumber, fishing, furs, shipbuilding, trade Small farms, grain, cattle, trade, ironworks, lumber Farming: tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton (plantation farms)

Territorial Acquisitions By the 1850’s the United States had expanded across America to the Pacific Ocean By the 1850’s the United States had expanded across America to the Pacific Ocean There are seven major territorial acquisitions in early American History. There are seven major territorial acquisitions in early American History.

1. Treaty of Paris, 1783 Acquired from Great Britain at the end of the American Revolution Acquired from Great Britain at the end of the American Revolution Extended American territory west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River Extended American territory west of the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi River

2. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Acquired by purchase from France Acquired by purchase from France This was the largest territorial acquisition and doubled the size of the United States This was the largest territorial acquisition and doubled the size of the United States

3. Florida, 1819 Acquired by negotiation Acquired by negotiation The U.S. forced Spain to part with Florida The U.S. forced Spain to part with Florida The U.S. now stretched all across the Atlantic coast. The U.S. now stretched all across the Atlantic coast.

4. Texas, 1845 Acquired by annexation Acquired by annexation After the Texas Revolution, the U.S. annexed Texas, which had been part of Mexico. After the Texas Revolution, the U.S. annexed Texas, which had been part of Mexico.

5. Oregon Territory, 1846 Acquired by negotiation Acquired by negotiation The U.S. acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain The U.S. acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain This area made up the Pacific Northwest and now the U.S. extended from “sea to shining sea” This area made up the Pacific Northwest and now the U.S. extended from “sea to shining sea”

6. Mexican Cession, 1848 Acquired by conquest Acquired by conquest The U.S. acquired the Southwest from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War The U.S. acquired the Southwest from Mexico at the end of the Mexican War

7. Gadsden Purchase, 1853 Acquired by purchase Acquired by purchase This last acquisition, bought from Mexico, completed the United States This last acquisition, bought from Mexico, completed the United States

Regions of the U.S. Regions of the U.S. The North Cool climate and rocky soil Cool climate and rocky soil Heavily populated with many cities Heavily populated with many cities Manufacturing and Factories Manufacturing and Factories Shipbuilding, fishing, and whaling Shipbuilding, fishing, and whaling Some farming: corn and wheat Some farming: corn and wheat Most immigrants came to the Northeast Most immigrants came to the Northeast

Regions of the U.S. Regions of the U.S. The South Warmer climate and flat lands Warmer climate and flat lands Smaller population with fewer cities Smaller population with fewer cities Rich soil, well suited for farming Rich soil, well suited for farming Tobacco and cotton Tobacco and cotton Plantation economy Plantation economy Use of slave labor Use of slave labor

Regions of the U.S. Regions of the U.S. The West Lands west of the Mississippi River Lands west of the Mississippi River Very small population, few cities Very small population, few cities Landforms and climate varied Landforms and climate varied Farming, fur trapping, and mining Farming, fur trapping, and mining Diverse populations Diverse populations

Population Density, Which region of the United States had the largest population density in 1850? 2.What region most likely had the fewest number of railroads?

How did geography contribute to the development of slavery? The South: hot climate, long growing season The South: hot climate, long growing season Land: flat and able to have very large farms Land: flat and able to have very large farms Cash crops, cotton and tobacco, easily grown in the South Cash crops, cotton and tobacco, easily grown in the South Plantations developed and slave labor was needed because of the large size of the farms Plantations developed and slave labor was needed because of the large size of the farms

How did geography affect the outcome of the American Revolution? The distance between America and Great Britain caused difficulties for the British The distance between America and Great Britain caused difficulties for the British Troops, supplies, and weapons took a long time to transport Troops, supplies, and weapons took a long time to transport Communication was slow Communication was slow

How did geography affect the development of self-government in the colonies? The distance between Great Britain and the colonies made it difficult for the King and Parliament to directly govern the colonies The distance between Great Britain and the colonies made it difficult for the King and Parliament to directly govern the colonies System of self-government developed: a Royal Governor shared power with elected colonial assembles System of self-government developed: a Royal Governor shared power with elected colonial assembles

How did geography influence the growth of cities? Most cities were located along coastlines or waterways Most cities were located along coastlines or waterways New Orleans became one of the south’s largest cities because of its location at the mouth of the Mississippi River New Orleans became one of the south’s largest cities because of its location at the mouth of the Mississippi River Boston, New York, and Philadelphia became large cities because they were located near the Atlantic Ocean Boston, New York, and Philadelphia became large cities because they were located near the Atlantic Ocean

Number of Enslaved African-Americans, State or Territory New England 1, New York 20,90315,017 New Jersey 12,42210,851 Pennsylvania 1, Delaware 6,1534,177 Maryland and District of Colombia 107,707115,056 Virginia 346,968396,357 North Carolina 133,296168,824 South Carolina 146,151196,365 Georgia 59,406105,218 Kentucky 40,34380,561 Tennessee 13,58444,535 Mississippi Territory 3,48917,088 What does this chart show?

Number of Enslaved African-Americans, State or Territory New England 1, New York 20,90315,017 New Jersey 12,42210,851 Pennsylvania 1, Delaware 6,1534,177 Maryland and District of Colombia 107,707115,056 Virginia 346,968396,357 North Carolina 133,296168,824 South Carolina 146,151196,365 Georgia 59,406105,218 Kentucky 40,34380,561 Tennessee 13,58444,535 Mississippi Territory 3,48917,088 Which state or territory had the greatest number of slaves in 1810?

Number of Enslaved African- Americans, State or Territory New England 1, New York 20,90315,017 New Jersey 12,42210,851 Pennsylvania 1, Delaware 6,1534,177 Maryland and D.C. 107,707115,056 Virginia 346,968396,357 North Carolina 133,296168,824 South Carolina 146,151196,365 Georgia 59,406105,218 Kentucky 40,34380,561 Tennessee 13,58444,535 Mississippi Territory 3,48917,088 Which statement can be concluded from the chart? 1. There were no slaves in the northern states in Slavery in some of the southern territories increased rapidly 3. There were more slaves living in northern territories than in the South

Number of Enslaved African- Americans, State or Territory New England 1, New York 20,90315,017 New Jersey 12,42210,851 Pennsylvania 1, Delaware 6,1534,177 Maryland and D.C. 107,707115,056 Virginia 346,968396,357 North Carolina 133,296168,824 South Carolina 146,151196,365 Georgia 59,406105,218 Kentucky 40,34380,561 Tennessee 13,58444,535 Mississippi Territory 3,48917,088 Which statement can be inferred from the chart? 1. The number of slaves in the U.S. was gradually decreasing 2. Fewer people owned slaves in 1800 than in Slavery was becoming more important in the South

What do Ft. Boise, Ft. Laramie, Astoria, and Champoeg all have in common? What do Ft. Boise, Ft. Laramie, Astoria, and Champoeg all have in common?