Parts of the Periodic Table. Names of different sections Main group elements- groups 1, 2, 13-18 Alkali Metals- first column (Group 1) excluding H Alkaline.

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Presentation transcript:

Parts of the Periodic Table

Names of different sections Main group elements- groups 1, 2, Alkali Metals- first column (Group 1) excluding H Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2 Transition Metals- groups 3-12 Halogens- Group 17 Noble Gases- Group 18 Lanthanide Series Top row on the bottom two Actinide Series bottom row of the bottom two Lanthanide and Actinides fit into the table above

What causes reactivity of elements All atoms want to have a completely full valence shell (normally 8 electrons). For the moment we will only concentrate on main group elements Noble gases are already full. Elements that are really close, desperately want to get there (halogens and alkali), and tend to be the most reactive.

Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Metals- Anything to the left of the “steps” on the periodic table is a metal *except hydrogen Nonmetals- Anything to the right of the “steps” on the periodic table is a nonmetal Metalloids- Anything on the “steps” of the periodic table is a metalloid *except aluminum, it is a metal

Gaining electrons metals lose electrons, nonmetals gain electrons and metalloids can go either way is a loose rule. Obviously the quickest way for something that has more than 4 electrons to get to 8 is to gain electrons (through chemical bonds). halogens want to gain 1, oxygen group wants to gain 2, nitrogen group wants to gain 3.

Losing Electrons Metals will gain a full valence shell by losing electrons. (there is a full shell underneath unless it is hydrogen) alkali will lose 1 electron, alkaline earth will lose 2 etc.

Vocabulary Ion- charged atom or molecule Something becomes an ion by gaining or losing electrons (not protons) anion-negatively charged ion A Negative ION Caused by gaining electrons cation-positively charged ion ca+ion Caused by losing electrons

Class work Read section 5.7 and 5.8 Page Problems 23-30; 86-88