ANTEBELLUM AMERICA 4.1

First Industrial Revolution Happened during the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries. Time of advancements in technology which led to massive economic changes. Before: lead by farmers and artisans After: creation of factories and machines

The Rise of the Machines Made the production of goods faster, cheaper, and more efficient. The revolution started in Great Britain but soon spread throughout the Western world. Impacted trade and economics

Key Figures in America’s Industrial Revolution Samuel Slater: He established a textile mill in Rhode Island. Francis Cabot Lowell: Studied in England. Returned to the U.S. to open what would become to be known as the Lowell System. Under this system everything is done in the same factory with workers living there also. This system remained in place until the mid 1800s. Robert Fulton: Invented the steam powered boat Samuel Morse Invented the Telegraph John Deere Invented a steel plow Cyrus McCormick Invented a reaper for agriculture

Key Figures continued Eli Whitney: In 1793, he invented the cotton gin. The machine allowed people to process harvested cotton much faster and helped transform the South into a “Cotton Kingdom”. Many southern plantation got extremely wealthy because of the demand of cotton at home and overseas. However, the problem was that the South needed more slaves in order to pick the cotton. He also transformed the economy in the North as well. He began to manufacture muskets (Black Powder Rifles). While doing this he introduce interchangeable parts. His concept spread like wildfire throughout the industries of the North.

Sectionalism The economic, social, cultural, and political differences that exist between different parts of the country. For instance the Agricultural South with slaves and the Industrial North without the use of slaves.

Immigration  The rise of the Industrial Revolution called for a demand for labor (workers).  Immigration is the process of people moving from one country to another to live and work.  During this time most immigrants settled in the Northeast U.S.

What causes people to Move? Push Factors  Are the factors that make people want to leave an area.  Examples: Pull Factors  Are the factors that attract immigrants to a particular area  Examples:

Nativism  The dislike of immigrants.  Becomes a political group and tries to stop immigration to the U.S.  Immigrants were different in many ways (language, religion, and culture)  Nativism resented them for “stealing our jobs”

Innovations in Transportation  American System:  the regimenting of high tariffs to protect fledgling American industries  federally supporting 'internal improvements’ in transportation  the creation of a strong banking system that would make loans available for businessmen  The National Road: ran from Maryland to Illinois. Construction was the first of its kind. Sometimes called the Cumberland Road.  Steam Power: Transformed transportation and shipping. Initially water then railroads.