Skeletal Scattergories Get a dry erase board Working as a team list as many bones in the human body that you can think of Discuss quietly!

Pelvis Kneecap Tibia Heel bones Femur Humerus Mandible Ulna Ribs/ribcage Hammer Teeth Anvil Spine/vertebrae Radius Collar bone/clavicle Shoulder Tailbone Skull Phalanges Fibula Sternum

The Skeletal System Label these major bones in the skeletal system

The Skeletal System Notes Chapter 15

FIVE JOBS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Provides shape and support Enables you to move Produces blood cells Stores minerals for nerves & muscles use Protects internal organs

BONE STRUCTURE Let’s read together on page 473 Why do we need spongy bone? What are the two types of marrow and what do they do?

BONE STRUCTURE Why do we need spongy bone? Spongy bone provides most of the strength and support for a bone because it is able to absorb shock easily. What are the two types of marrow, what do they do? Red marrow produces both red and white blood cells. Yellow marrow stores fat. The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outside of the bone. It contains blood vessels and nerves that bring blood and nutrients to the bone.

BONE GROWTH Read about bone growth & answer the questions… What is cartilage? What happens to cartilage as you grow? Why do you think it is necessary for a baby to be mostly cartilage?

BONE GROWTH What is cartilage? Cartilage is a flexible tissue. What happens to cartilage as you grow? Cartilage is replaced by bone throughout your life. Cartilage allows for growth plates to develop. Some cartilage is never replaced by bone. Why do you think it is necessary for a baby to be mostly cartilage? The baby’s bones would break during childbirth and the cartilage growth plate allows the baby to grow throughout its lifetime.

FUN FACT! There is no such thing as a “funny bone” The ulnar nerve passes very close to the skin at your elbow joint. When this nerve is bumped, it sends a strong sensation through your nervous system

JOINTS Joint = a place where bones come together allowing the body to move in different ways On your skeleton, highlight where you think you’d find movable joints

JOINTS

4 TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS Ball and Socket = allow greatest range of motion- circular Hinge = extensive backward and forward motion Pivot = one bone can rotate around another Gliding = one bone can slide over another

Let’s Use Our Joints Turn your head from side to side. Pivot Move your wrist like you’re turning a doorknob Gliding Move your arm in large circle. Ball and socket Straighten, then bend your knee. Hinge

LOOK AT YOUR JOINTS Use the information to fill out your Joint Table Ball and Socket Hinge Pivot Gliding (hip) (elbow) (neck) (spine) Cut out the pictures Glue them to the table

THE STRUCTURE OF JOINTS Joints are under a great deal of stress. Joints are held together by ligaments, if they are stretched too far or torn it is called a sprain. Joints and bones are also cushioned by cartilage. Arthritis is a disease that causes joints to stiffen or swell.

KEEPING BONES HEALTHY Eat a well balanced diet with lots of calcium and phosphorous to keep bones strong Exercise helps bones grow stronger and denser Running Dancing Jumping jacks Aerobics Any exercise where your bones absorb the weight of your body. This prompts the cells to make new bone cells Do this and avoid osteoporosis later in life (bones getting weak and break easily)

How much calcium are you getting? Students aged 9-18 need approx. 1300mg/day Foods with Good Sources of Calcium: 8 oz yogurt 415 mg 1.5 oz cheddar 306 mg 8oz nonfat milk 302 mg Tofu 200-400 mg 1/4c almonds 94 mg 1 cup cooked greens 175 mg Calcium levels can be decreased due to high sodium levels!