French revolutions of the 19 th century

Standards of learning WHII.1 The student will improve skills in historical research and geographical analysis by... a) identifying, analyzing, and interpreting primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history since 1500 A.D. (C.E.) b) using maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past since 1500 A.D. (C.E.) f) analyzing the impact of economic forces, including taxation, government spending, trade, resources, and monetary systems on events since 1500 A.D. (C.E.) WHII.6 The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by… e) describing the French Revolution WHII.8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the political and philosophical developments in Europe during the nineteenth century by… a) assessing the impact of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna, including changes in political boundaries in Europe after 1815 b) describing unsuccessful revolutions on the continent…

Les miserables

French revolution of 1830 Overthrow of King Charles XOverthrow of King Charles X After the defeat of Napoleon I and the disintegration of the First French Empire, Bourbon monarchy returns to the throneAfter the defeat of Napoleon I and the disintegration of the First French Empire, Bourbon monarchy returns to the throne Monarchs ruled by hereditary right rather than popular consentMonarchs ruled by hereditary right rather than popular consent Anti-Sacrilege ActAnti-Sacrilege Act Indemnities against revolutionaries for 1789 revolutionIndemnities against revolutionaries for 1789 revolution Louis-Philippe (House of Orleans) agrees to rule as a constitutional monarchLouis-Philippe (House of Orleans) agrees to rule as a constitutional monarch

Look familiar? “Viva la Vida” Coldplay album cover (2008) “Liberty Leading the People” Eugene Delacroix (1830)

Discontent in the 1840s Radicals formed secret societies to work towards a French republicRadicals formed secret societies to work towards a French republic Utopian socialists called for an end to private ownership of propertyUtopian socialists called for an end to private ownership of property Liberals denounced Louis-Philippe’s government for corruption and called for expanded suffrageLiberals denounced Louis-Philippe’s government for corruption and called for expanded suffrage Discontent heightened by a recessionDiscontent heightened by a recession UnemploymentUnemployment Poor harvestsPoor harvests

February days Government takes steps to silence critics and prevent public meetings…angry crowds take to the streetsGovernment takes steps to silence critics and prevent public meetings…angry crowds take to the streets Louis-Philippe abdicates = establishment of the Second Republic of FranceLouis-Philippe abdicates = establishment of the Second Republic of France From the start, deep differences divided the new governmentFrom the start, deep differences divided the new government Middle-class liberals wanted moderate political reformsMiddle-class liberals wanted moderate political reforms Socialists wanted far reaching social and economic change, set up national workshops to provide jobs for the unemployedSocialists wanted far reaching social and economic change, set up national workshops to provide jobs for the unemployed To fund these workshops the government needed to increase taxes on land. Many citizens did not approve of this.To fund these workshops the government needed to increase taxes on land. Many citizens did not approve of this.

June days Upper and middle class interests win control of the governmentUpper and middle class interests win control of the government Shut down national workshopsShut down national workshops Angry workers take to the streets of ParisAngry workers take to the streets of Paris Bourgeois liberals turned violently against the working protestersBourgeois liberals turned violently against the working protesters Peasants, who feared socialists might take their lands, also attacked rioting workersPeasants, who feared socialists might take their lands, also attacked rioting workers At least 1,500 people were killed before the government crushed the rebellionAt least 1,500 people were killed before the government crushed the rebellion Bitter legacyBitter legacy

End of an era By the end of 1848, National Assembly created a new constitution for the Second RepublicBy the end of 1848, National Assembly created a new constitution for the Second Republic Established a strong president and a one-house legislatureEstablished a strong president and a one-house legislature Gave the right to vote to all adult men, the widest suffrage in the world at the time!Gave the right to vote to all adult men, the widest suffrage in the world at the time! Nine million Frenchmen now could vote, compared with only 200,000 who had that right beforeNine million Frenchmen now could vote, compared with only 200,000 who had that right before Louis-Napoleon elected first president of France in December 1848Louis-Napoleon elected first president of France in December 1848

Louis- Napoleon Vast support throughout France Attracted working class Famous name helped him with conservatives Proclaimed himself emperor in 1852, ending short-lived Second Republic Like his uncle, he used a plescibite to win public approval for his seizure of power Ruled at a time of economic prosperity Prosperity and contentment for bourgeoisie Railroads, industrialization, ambitious program of public works Decrease in unemployment Vast support throughout France Attracted working class Famous name helped him with conservatives Proclaimed himself emperor in 1852, ending short-lived Second Republic Like his uncle, he used a plescibite to win public approval for his seizure of power Ruled at a time of economic prosperity Prosperity and contentment for bourgeoisie Railroads, industrialization, ambitious program of public works Decrease in unemployment

references Les Miserables. (November 10, 2012) Retrieved from &view=article&id=260:nhs-musical-2013-les-miserables&catid=43:nhs- musical&Itemid=68 &view=article&id=260:nhs-musical-2013-les-miserables&catid=43:nhs- musical&Itemid=68 &view=article&id=260:nhs-musical-2013-les-miserables&catid=43:nhs- musical&Itemid=68 Viva la Vida. (November 10, 2012) Retrieved from Liberty Leading the People. (November 10, 2012) Retrieved from Third French Revolution. (November 10, 2012) Retrieved from June Day Uprisings. (November 10, 2012) Retrieved from Barricade_rue_Soufflot.jpg Barricade_rue_Soufflot.jpg Barricade_rue_Soufflot.jpg Napoleon III. (November 10, 2012) Retrieved from de-eeuwen-heen/3357-deel-34-oorlog-door-de-eeuwen-heen.html de-eeuwen-heen/3357-deel-34-oorlog-door-de-eeuwen-heen.html de-eeuwen-heen/3357-deel-34-oorlog-door-de-eeuwen-heen.html