GWP Chapters 8-13: Combining sentences Alex Trewelch

What is a sentence? A group of words with a subject and verb that expresses a complete thought. –Mr. L’Etoile’s definition

What is a sentence? Use Mr. Welch’s definition A question, command, or claim about the world.

What’s the subject of this sentence? While eating his hamburger, Bob choked. Bob

What’s the predicate verb of this sentence? While eating his hamburger, Bob choked. choked

Identify the subject(s) of this sentence. When Jim and Martha arrived with their liger, Bob decided he should escape. Bob

Identify the predicate verb(s) of this sentence. When Jim and Martha arrived with their liger, Bob decided he should escape. decided

Identify the subject(s) and predicate verb(s) of this sentence. Bob shouted, opened the window and leapt out. Subject: Bob Predicate Verbs: shouted, opened, jumped

Identify the subject(s) and predicate verb(s) of this sentence. The liger mauled Jack, Bob, Martha, and Dan. Subject: liger Predicate Verb: mauled

Identify the subject(s) and predicate verb(s) of this sentence. The liger mauled Jack, Bob, Martha, and Dan after they kicked it. Subject: liger*after they kicked it is not part of the IC! Predicate Verb: mauled

Identify the subject(s) and predicate verb(s) of this sentence. Swimming is fun in the summer. Subject: swimming Predicate Verb: is

Identify the subject(s) and predicate verb(s) of this sentence. Swimming and watching baseball are fun in the summer. Subject: swimming, watching Predicate Verb: are

Identify the subject(s) and predicate verb(s) of this sentence. Animal control officers and the police were called. Subject: animal control officers, police Predicate Verb: were called

What’s an Independent clause? Any group of words that can stand on its own as a sentence

What is a simple sentence? Has only 1 IC

How many IC’s are there here? Animal control officers were called. 1

How many IC’s are there here? Animal control officers and the police were called. 1

Identify the subject(s) of this sentence. animal control officers, police

How many IC’s are there here? Bob shouted, opened the window, and jumped out. 1

How many IC’s are there? Bob shouted, and he opened the window. 2

How many IC’s are there? Bob, Jack, and Martha shouted, opened the window, and jumped out. 1

What is a compound sentence? Has 2 or more ICs

How many IC’s are there here? Bob, shouted; Jack opened the window, and Martha leapt out. 3

To Review Ron swam. Ron and Jack swam. Ron swam and ate. Ron and Jack swam and ate. Ron, Jack, and John swam, ate, and ran. All of the above sentences are simple (1 IC) Ron swam, and Jack ate. Compound sentence! 2 IC’s! (Ron swam Jack ate)

HAVING MORE THAN ONE SUBJECT OR VERB DOES NOT INCREASE THE NUMBER OF IC’S! To avoid run-ons, look for IC’s first. Then you’ll know where you need punctuation.

simple or compound sentence? Bob, Jack, Martha, Henry, the clowns, the dog, and Bill Clinton shouted, ran, opened the window, and jumped out onto the lawn below. Simple! – Many subjects and predicate verbs, but only 1 IC

simple or compound sentence? Bob ran, and Henry walked. Compound – 2 ICs

Can you combine IC’s with a comma? Ex: Jack opened the window, Jim shouted. NO!

What is this error called? Ex: Jack opened the window, Jim shouted. Run On! What else? COMMA SPLICE!

Correct sentence or no? Ex: Jack opened the window and Jim shouted. NO! Run On! What does it need? A comma before “and,” which is a cc

What are the first 3 PT’s? 1. IC; IC 2. IC, cc IC 3. IC; ca, IC

Which PT should you use the most? 1. IC; IC 2. IC, cc IC 3. IC; ca, IC #2! Semicolons are weird!

What does “cc” stand for in PT#2? coordinating conjunction

What are the 7 cc’s? for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so FANBOYS!

Is this sentence grammatically correct? Jack likes dogs, but Mary likes cats. YES!

Is this sentence grammatically correct? Jack likes dogs, so he bought one for himself. YES!

Is this sentence grammatically correct? Jack bought Mary a cat so she would like him. YES! When “so” means “so that” or “in order to,” it is not a cc. It’s a cc when it means “therefore” or “thus ”

Prepositional phrases Prepositions are any location or direction word “where a cat can go” (in, on, away from, over, beyond) Put commas after prepositional phrases that begin sentences Never put commas before prepositional phrases within sentences In May, Jack bought Mary a cat. YES! Jack bought Mary a cat, in May. NO!

Are these sentences correct? I like boats; tigers can leap 20 feet more. NO! A ; can only join related ICs Football is difficult; it requires both weight- training and knowing the playbook. YES After practice ended; Rob yakked up his food. NO! A ; can only join ICs

Do you capitalize the first letter after a semicolon (;)? NO! Capitalization is only for the start of a new sentence, not a new IC I like boats; Sailboats are cool.

Is “because” a ca? Jim did not race; because, he had a sore foot. No! – No punctuation was needed : Jim did not race because he had a sore foot. Usually, don’t place a comma before “because”

Is “although” a ca? Jim raced well; although, he had a sore foot. No! – No punctuation was needed : Jim raced well although he had a sore foot.

Final Jeopardy Rewrite and correct this paragraph while keeping all of the original information. In the morning Jim ran to school, so he could get to class on time. He made it; just before the bell rang. His teacher asked for his homework, Jim looked for it. Unfortunately; Jim had done it but he forgot to bring it.